44 SEVENTEENTH REPORT. 



agreemeut. The couti-actors leave the impression with the journey- 

 men that tliey can use the lockout if unreasonable things are de- 

 manded and the carpenters make tJie same use of the strike. 



Arbitration, as the second of the methods of the carpenters' union 

 is used as an adjunct of collective bargaining. A board of arbitra- 

 tors, representing the contractors association and the union, sit bi- 

 monthly and pass upon violations of the joint-agreement and impose 

 Itenalties upon offenders. The decisions of this board are linal but 

 either side represented may refuse to agree to a decision and there- 

 fore may disrupt the work of the Board. Such disagreement in the 

 Arbitration Board suspends the oi»eration of the joint t'.greemeut. 

 It is therefore a misnomer to call such a method arbitration. It 

 is only an agency for peaceful settlement of disputes with advisory 

 powers. I do not wish to depreciate the importance of this method 

 with the carpenters. It is an exceedingly useful agency. I only 

 mean that it is a misnomer to call it arbitration. 



The third of the carpenters' methods is that of the union shop. 

 This is also one of their demands and has been discussed under the 

 recognition of the union. The functions of this method are there 

 made clear. 



The third sub-division of j)rincii)]es is general policies. They are 

 the expression of certain fundamental conceptions of the nature and 

 functions of the union. Specific examples of these policies are the 

 rules to control the working personnel; to limit the labor sui)ply in 

 the craft; the use of tools, and the ontput; and to share ^vork with 

 each other. 



The control of the working personnel of a union is of prime im- 

 portance for the successful administration of the functions of a 

 rnion. The Prussian army is a i)owerful Avar machine because every 

 man is under complete control of the leaders. There is no question- 

 ing of authority. The Carpenters' Union is powerful to the extent 

 that the leaders have the unfailing sui)port and obedience of the 

 men. As the generals, colonels, captains, and lieutenants have the 

 management and authority in the Prussian army, sO' the Arbitration 

 Board, the District Council, the Business agents, and the Stewards, 

 have control for the Carjtenters' Union. It is tlirougli tlie control 

 tlius maintained that the Carpentei-s' Union can make and enforce 

 joint agreements with the conti'actors. An instance of the exercise 

 of this authority and control over the personnel was brought out 

 in the evidence of an interview with one of the stewards when he 

 said that tlie men objected to W(»rk u])on a certain building on the 

 West Side of Chicago because apjtrentices were doing rough Avork. 

 The officers investigated the case and decided against the men. They 



