10 NINETEENTH REPORT. 



may either be supplied with suitable plaees for hiding, such as small 

 pieces of curved tiling buried under moss, or where they may be allowed 

 to burrow. Earthworms thrive in the leaf-mold and will aid in furnish- 

 ing food for the frogs and salamanders during the winter months. 



The terrarium may be made very attractive by the introduction of 

 plants found in damp woodland associations. jMosses of various kinds 

 and liverworts such as Marchantia form a natural carpet. Hepaticas 

 and similar plants brought into the laboratory in the late autumn will 

 blossom during the winter. Small ferns and pitcher plants and many 

 other plants will grow well in tliis environment. The suggestions made 

 in regard to light and temperature for the aquarium will also apply to 

 the terrarium. The ground must be kept damp and the tank well 

 covered to i^revent evaporation. 



The feeding of the animals is a greater problem than in the case of 

 the aquarium. Lettuce will be found very satisfactory for the snails 

 and, although thej^ are generally considered herbivorous, it is interesting 

 to see how soon they will gather around a small piece of uncooked meat 

 placed in the terrarium. The snails must be kept well fed in order to 

 keep them from attacking the plants. Frogs will eat earth worms and 

 occasionally can be induced to eat uncooked meat cut in worm-like pieces 

 and kept in motion before them. The salamanders will eat both earth- 

 worms and meat readily. The frogs and salamanders will not need to 

 be fed oftener than two or three times a week, the interval depending 

 somewhat upon the temperature at which they are kept. Small snakes 

 sometimes kept in terraria will usually eat earthworms and will attack 

 small frogs such as the cricket frog (Acris gri/lliis) and the spring peeper 

 (Ilyla pickeringii). These small frogs will also be eaten by the larger 

 salamanders (the Ambystomas). 



Batcman (1897) gives rather extensive directions for the construction 

 of various types of terraria, while Batcman and Bennett (1890) give 

 valuable directions for the construction of glass and metal tanks suitable 

 for aquaria. Many books on the subject give lists of implements neces- 

 sary in the care of the aquarivmi ; however a 2)air of forceps, seven or 

 eight inches long, either metal or wood, a long glass tube with a rubber 

 bulb on the end, several feet of 5 or 6 mm. rubber hose to use in 

 siphoning and a small dip-net will be found sufficient for ordinary 

 requirements. 



Terraria and balanced aquaria made up by students or teachers in the 

 fall will provide interesting material for observational work during the 

 winter months when living material is hard to obtain. A few types 

 only of those available have been mentioned here ; no attempt has been 



