162 



MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



states have arranged to co-operate with the United States Geological 

 Survey in making complete surveys of their respective territories. 



The basis for such co-operation is for each party to the agreement 

 to pay one-half of the expenses of the actual survey and for office work 

 in preparing maps for publication. The work to be done by or under 

 the direction of the Federal Survey. In addition to defraying one-half 

 of the field expense, the Federal Survey engraves and prints the finished 

 maps. The edition thus produced, however, is the property of the United 

 States, but the State may order as many copies of the maps as it wishes, 

 for the price of press-work and paper, or, as is usually done, have electro- 

 types made of the original plates and print its own edition. 



The expense to co-operating states for copies of the final map-plates, is 

 thus considerably less than their total cost, and not over one-fourth what 

 it would cost a state to organize an independent survey and do the same 

 work. The reason why it wouid be much more ex])ensive for a state to 

 survey and map its own territory than it would cost the Federal Survey 

 to do the same work, is because the Federal Survey is completely or- 

 ganized, has trained topographers in its corps, and is already provided 

 with instruments, etc. 



The states which have taken advantage of the generous offer of the 

 United States (ieological Survey referred to above, and now have maps 

 of their respective territories completed or under way, together with the 

 expenditures in each instance, may be seen from the following table: 



CO-OPERATIVE TOPOGRAPHIC SURVE-YS IX VARIOUS STATES. 



State. 



Massachusetts.. 



Connecticut 



Rhode Island 



New Jersey 



Pennsylvania.... 



New York 



Maine 



Maryland 



Ohio 



North Carolina., 



West Virginia.. 



Michigan 



Alabama 



Mississippi 



Texas 



Appro- 

 priated 

 by State 

 for 1903. 



$30,000 



As is indicated in the above table, four states have maps of their 

 respective areas complete, and eleven other states have declared their 

 inleiiticm, as it were, to sup])ly their citizens with the aid to both com- 

 mercial and educational develo])iiiont which such maps alford. 



t<)P(k;r.\piiic surveys by the UNriEi) st.vtes (;eolo(;i('.\l survey in 



Aiiciii<;.\x. 



Ill ilie iron districts of the Xorlhern Peninsula of Michigan, large- 

 scale contour topographic niaj)s have l)eeu made by the United States 

 (ieological Survey of areas aggregating nearly 2.000 square miles. This 



