THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES OP MICHIGAN. 181 



by the great enlargeineut of the works of the Solvay Process Company 

 near Detroit, which will probably this year, 1003, give Michigan first rank 

 in tlie United States as a itroducer of soda ash. This list contains only a 

 small number of the chemical indnstries. It does not include the product 

 of the large Detroit manufacturers of pharmaceutical supplies, which 

 are elsewhere listed as producing |4, 1)21 ,013 worth of goods during the 

 year. Neither does it include the tanning of leather (product valued at 

 10,015,500), manufacture of soap and candles ($700,238), the production 

 of malt liquors (|5.20(;,825), nor the manufacture of illuminating gas 

 and its by-products (|1.388,585), all of Avhich are. or at least ought 

 to be, chemical industries. 



Especial attention may well be directed to two of the most important 

 and rapidly growing chenncal industries in the State — cement and sugar 

 — which rely upon the chemist's knowledge and upon chemical control 

 in every step of the manufacture. The strides made by these industries 

 in the last five jears have been enormous. 



Portland cement has been manufactured at a few places in this State 

 for many years, but it was not till 1808 that it commenced to develop 

 into a great industry. The following table shows the increase in pro- 

 duction and value of product with each year. 



PORTLAND CEINIENT PRODUCTION IN :MICHIGAN. 



Bbls. of ■lOOlbs. Value. 



1808 81,500 |1G2,125 



1800 402,000 701,000 



1000 508,407 831,786 



1 001 1,025,718 1,128,200 



1002 



Slichigan stands third among the States as a producer of Portland 

 cement; I'ennsylvania being far ahead, and New Jei-sey coming second 

 with an output not much greater than Michigan, 



SUGAR. 



The sugar industry in this State is entirely a growth of the last five 

 years. The first factory commenced operations in the fall of 1808, and 

 in the campaign of 1808-00 produced 5,271,000 pounds of white sugar. 

 During the past campaign of 1002-3, there were sixteen factories in oper- 

 ation and the estimated production was 100,000,000 pounds.. 



Factories in Production in 



operation. pounds. 



1808-0 1 5,271,000 



1800-1000 8 32,737,008 



1 000-1 001 10 G4,G16,358 



1001-1002 13 104,500,080 



1002-1003 16 100,000,000 



The value of the last campaign's sugar was about |4. 500.000. 



The excessive rainfall of last summer made the season a disastrous one 

 for both beet growers and manufacturers, and kept the industry from 



