LIVE STOCK BREEDERS. 207 



of grain will make lOO pounds of gain. \\'itli younger cattle fed under 

 the same conditions as above, less grain will be required in every 

 instance to produce one pound of gain. 



DISCUSSION OF PROF. MUMFORD's PAPER. 



Mr. Ziegler : In feeding you can put a great many more pounds 

 on younger than older animals with the same amount of feed, but it 

 requires a longer feeding to bring the young animals to perfection 

 and to get the necessary fat to make good beef than in the older ones, 

 does it not? 



Prof. Mumford : No sir, I cannot say that this is true, except 

 in this sense, you cannot sell a calf for beef ; you must carry the 

 animal up to a certain weight before you can sell him at a profitable 

 price on the market. 



Mr. Ziegler: What are the final results? Take for instance a 

 calf that will weigh 500 pounds will gain twice as many pounds as 

 a steer that weighs a thousand. You will increase the value of the 

 500 pound calf up to the value of the selling price, while in the steer 

 you increase the thousand pounds up to the market value, and when 

 you do that, which will give the best result? 



Prof. Mumford : It depends on conditions. T am trying to limit 

 this question to the amount of grain required. As to the commercial 

 side of the question, that is another proposition. When you buy a 

 two-year-old, say weighing a thousand pounds, for three cents a pound 

 and fatten him to sell for five cents a pound, you can get a gain of 

 two cents a pound on the original weight, which is a profit you can- 

 not get on the six hundred pound animal. The calves sell for more 

 per pound in this State. You can buy a thin two-year-old at at least 

 a cent a pound less than a calf. 



Mr. Ziegler: In the experiment with the raw cotton seed meal, 

 what was the result on the hogs that followed the cattle? 



Prof. Mumford : Apparently the result was favorable, only this 

 of course is true that the hogs probably got very little value from 

 the cotton seed. Of course, they got very little value from corn 

 meal fed to cattle. It is generally understood that cotton seed meal 

 is injurious to hogs. Cotton seed meal is not injurious to hogs, hew- 

 ever, following cattle that are being fed on the meal. 



Mr. Ziegler: Is it not also injurious to cattle? 



Prof. Mumford: Sometimes it has been injurious, but clover 

 is injurious to cattle sometimes, and various other things, but in 



