LIVE STOCK BREEDERS. 209 



]\rr. Ziegler: \\'liat has been your experience with blue grass? 

 I had cattle on blue grass this year and they would not fatten. 



Prof. Alumford : It was too watery. Last year, the dry year, 

 we produced better gains on cattle on pasture than ever before. 



Mr. Ziegler: I fed grain on pasture this year. 



Mr. Maitland : I did the same thing. 



Prof. Mumford : Oui cattle gained 2^/2 potmds a day this sum- 

 mer. 



Air. Ziegler: ]\Iy cattle gained four pounds a day while I fed 

 them with corn. 



Prof. ]Mumford : Our cattle gained 3A pounds during June. We 

 w^eighed the cattle three times before we began the experiment, three 

 successive days. 



Air. Ziegler: Do you think shelter is more necessary for calves? 



Prof. Mumford : Undoubtedly. It is true that the smaller the 

 animal the more surface is exposed and the less the animal eats, the 

 less heat is generated. The animal that consumes twenty pounds 

 of hay and ten pounds of fodder is necessarily generating a large 

 amount of heat. A calf that consumes only half as much grain and 

 fodder generates only half as much heat and has a much larger pro- 

 portion of the exposed surface and I should suppose the results would 

 not be so favorable when they were exposed. They ought to be bet- 

 ter protected. 



?vlr. Gabbert : I believe beef cattle do better in the open air, 

 but I have seen days when the wind blew hard from the northwest in 

 cold weather when you could not feed them enough and they would 

 lose during that period. 



Prof. Mumford : You are undoubtedly right. During one winter, 

 particulary, in these experiments, that very cold winter when it was 

 25 degrees below zero, the cattle lost for one period of ten days. It 

 would have been better jf we could have kept them under shelter 

 during that cold weather, but taking the average weather, there is 

 more danger of our cattle getting too warm during the average feed- 

 ing period. You can keep a dry bed with a shed and you cannot do 

 than in the open lot. A very important thing is to have the cattle lie 

 down as much as possible. 



Mr. Gabbert : When it is warm and dry I turn my cattle out, 

 and when it is cold I put them up, so they will gain all the time. 



Prof. Mumford : That is a good practice, there is no doubt about 

 that. 



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