202 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



We sprayed the trees very thoroughly, forcing the spray mixture into the 

 dead places under the bark and, in tact, everywhere that anything could 

 hide. We should have scraped off all the old bark, but we were too 

 busy, and let it go. 



As soon as the blossoms fell, we sprayed them thoroughly with the 

 lime-sulphur spray, but diluted to 40 to 1 and about 2 to 2i/^ pounds of 

 arsenate of lead added; in fact, we used the same spray on these old- 

 timers as we used on the younger orchards, and did the job just as 

 thorough, possibly more so. 



We quit too soon, we will admit, yet we had not over 3 per cent of 

 the late brood — we undoubtedly got them the first time — but we did 

 have some curculio. This could have been prevented by spraying at the 

 time the little leaflets started, with the dilute lime-sulphur and a little 

 of the arsenate added. 



It is thought by many that the old-time varieties that one time did 

 so well have passed their date of usefulness, and that they are not 

 adapted to this country and climate any more, but our experiments here 

 do not bear out this theory at all, but on the contrary show that the 

 old varieties will do as well as ever if only given fair treatment. The 

 old residents were* astonished at the size of the Milams we raised on 

 these old stubs, and that the first year, after the renovating, and they are 

 full of fruit buds, promising a good crop next year. 



What we have done for this old orchard on a small scale can be 

 done in thousands of others on a small or large scale, and will return 

 their owners a good profit before a young orchard would ever come into 

 bearing. Apples are high now, so now is the time to grow them, for by 

 the time the young orchard comes into bearing they may be so cheap 

 or other obstacles present themselves, that there will not be the profit 

 in them that there is today. Make your money today and spend it to 

 make yourself and others happy, and at the same time set another 

 young orchard to be coming on for your old age or for your children — 

 or some one else's children. 



There are some important points not to be overlooked in putting 

 new life into an old orchard, for we know we are to redeem this orchard 

 by the use of the saw and the sprayer — mainly by the sprayer — after the 

 first pruning is over. 



We should always do the best we can. so if we are unable to burn 

 the brush we should drag it out of the orchard, making things as neat and 

 clean as possible. In burning, however, we get rid of a lot of diseases. 



Old trees as a rule heial over very slowly, so it is advisable in all 

 cases to have some paint and paint over the larger limbs that are sawed 

 off; indeed it would pay to chisel out the dead wood and fill the cavities 

 with cement if one were not in too big a hurry. 



In pruning we must bear one point continually in mind, and that is 

 to get the tree as low headed as possible. If you want profit iVom the 

 start you may have to leave the tree a little tallea- than you like, with a 



