﻿Commissioner 
  of 
  Agriculture. 
  475 
  

  

  upon 
  and 
  converted 
  into 
  bodies 
  soluble 
  in 
  hot 
  water. 
  Tlie 
  method 
  

   may 
  be 
  described 
  as 
  follows: 
  A 
  measured 
  quantity 
  of 
  the 
  mixture 
  

   to 
  be 
  separated 
  is 
  allowed 
  to 
  drop 
  slowly 
  into 
  300 
  c. 
  c. 
  of 
  fuming 
  

   nitric 
  acid 
  contained 
  in 
  a 
  flask 
  of 
  750 
  c. 
  c. 
  capacity, 
  provided 
  with 
  

   a 
  return 
  condenser 
  and 
  immersed 
  in 
  cold 
  water. 
  A 
  violent 
  reac- 
  

   tion 
  takes 
  place 
  as 
  each 
  drop 
  of 
  oil 
  strikes 
  the 
  acid, 
  and 
  the 
  flask 
  

   should 
  be 
  shaken 
  occasionally. 
  When 
  all 
  the 
  oil 
  has 
  been 
  added 
  

   the 
  flask 
  is 
  allowed 
  to 
  stand 
  till 
  all 
  action 
  is 
  over. 
  The 
  contents 
  of 
  

   the 
  flask 
  are 
  then 
  poured 
  into 
  a 
  separating 
  fimnel 
  and 
  treated 
  with 
  

   successive 
  portions 
  of 
  hot 
  water; 
  the 
  products 
  of 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  

   acid 
  on 
  the 
  turpentine 
  are 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  removed, 
  leaving 
  the 
  pe- 
  

   troleum 
  oil 
  to 
  be 
  separated 
  and 
  measured. 
  

  

  The 
  Maumene 
  Test. 
  

  

  "WTien 
  oils 
  are 
  mixed 
  with 
  concentrated 
  sulphuric 
  acid 
  the 
  mix- 
  

   ture 
  becomes 
  hot, 
  and 
  the 
  rise 
  of 
  temperature 
  varies 
  with 
  the 
  nature 
  

   of 
  the 
  oil. 
  The 
  chemistry 
  of 
  the 
  process 
  is 
  but 
  slightly 
  under- 
  

   stood. 
  Xondrying 
  oils 
  do 
  not 
  give 
  as 
  great 
  a 
  rise 
  as 
  drying 
  oils, 
  

   and, 
  consequently, 
  linseed 
  oil 
  gives 
  a 
  greater 
  rise 
  than 
  any 
  of 
  its 
  

   adulterants, 
  except, 
  unfortunately, 
  menhaden 
  oil. 
  The 
  behavior 
  

   with 
  sulphuric 
  acid 
  is 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  behavior 
  w4th 
  bromine 
  and 
  

   iodine, 
  so 
  that 
  no 
  more 
  information 
  is 
  gained 
  from 
  the 
  rise 
  in 
  tem- 
  

   perature 
  than 
  is 
  obtained 
  by 
  determining 
  the 
  percentage 
  of 
  halogen 
  

   absorbed, 
  except 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  adulteration 
  with 
  menhaden 
  oil. 
  

  

  The 
  test 
  which 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  Maumene's 
  test 
  and 
  which 
  is 
  fully 
  

   described 
  in 
  Benedikt 
  Analyse 
  der 
  Fette, 
  and 
  in 
  Allen, 
  Comm. 
  

   Org. 
  Anal., 
  Vol. 
  2, 
  is 
  carried 
  out 
  by 
  mixing 
  50 
  c. 
  c. 
  of 
  the 
  oil 
  to 
  

   be 
  examined 
  with 
  10 
  c. 
  c. 
  of 
  strong 
  sulphuric 
  acid. 
  The 
  reaction 
  

   with 
  linseed 
  oil 
  and 
  with 
  some 
  other 
  oils 
  is 
  so 
  violent 
  that 
  the 
  oil 
  

   must 
  be 
  diluted 
  with 
  some 
  more 
  inert 
  oil, 
  or 
  the 
  mixture 
  ^\^ll 
  froth 
  

   over. 
  The 
  rise 
  in 
  temperature 
  is 
  observed 
  by 
  a 
  thermometer 
  used 
  

   to 
  stir 
  the 
  mixtm-e, 
  and 
  the 
  vessel 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  experiment 
  is 
  car- 
  

   ried 
  on 
  is 
  jH-otected 
  from 
  rapid 
  cooling 
  by 
  setting 
  it 
  inside 
  another 
  

   larger 
  vessel, 
  usually 
  with 
  cotton 
  wool 
  between. 
  The 
  anioimt 
  of 
  

   heat 
  abstracted 
  by 
  the 
  vessel 
  itself 
  depends 
  upon 
  its 
  mass 
  and 
  mate- 
  

   rial, 
  and 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  loss 
  by 
  radiation 
  is 
  dependent 
  upon 
  a 
  

   variety 
  of 
  circumstances. 
  Consequently, 
  the 
  results 
  obtained 
  by 
  

  

  