﻿440 
  Sevk.Mii 
  .Vnmal 
  Kkpokt 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  A 
  foninila 
  verv 
  lar^elv 
  used 
  abroad 
  for 
  the 
  determination 
  of 
  

   total 
  solids, 
  when 
  the 
  specific 
  g-ravity 
  and 
  amonnt 
  of 
  fat 
  are 
  

   known, 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  Prof. 
  W. 
  Fleischmann. 
  

  

  T 
  := 
  1.2 
  F 
  + 
  2.665 
  MSpgzi2? 
  

  

  Spg 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  formulae 
  given, 
  the 
  abbreviations 
  used 
  are 
  always 
  the 
  

   same 
  Avhen 
  same 
  factor 
  is 
  meant, 
  and 
  the 
  formulae 
  as 
  given 
  by 
  

   the 
  original 
  investigators 
  have 
  consequently 
  been 
  changed 
  in 
  

   respect 
  to 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  letters 
  used, 
  but 
  the 
  formula 
  remains 
  the 
  

   same. 
  

  

  When 
  used 
  here, 
  Spg. 
  always 
  stands 
  for 
  specific 
  gravity 
  at 
  00° 
  

   Fahr. 
  

  

  When 
  used 
  here, 
  G 
  always 
  stands 
  for 
  Spg. 
  x 
  1000 
  — 
  1000. 
  

  

  When 
  used 
  here, 
  F 
  alwavs 
  stands 
  for 
  fat. 
  

  

  When 
  used 
  here, 
  T 
  always 
  stands 
  for 
  total 
  solids. 
  

  

  The 
  exactness 
  with 
  which, 
  by 
  calculation, 
  an 
  agent 
  of 
  this 
  

   Department 
  using 
  the 
  lactometer 
  and 
  Babcock 
  fat 
  test 
  can 
  ap- 
  

   proximate 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  total 
  solids 
  in 
  milk 
  is 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  fol- 
  

   lowing 
  tables. 
  

  

  The 
  total 
  solids 
  in 
  about 
  500 
  samplesof 
  milkcollected 
  and 
  sent 
  to 
  

   -chemists 
  betw'een 
  October 
  1, 
  1896, 
  and 
  October 
  1, 
  1897, 
  have 
  been 
  

   ■calculated 
  by 
  three 
  different 
  formulae, 
  and 
  the 
  results, 
  together 
  

   with 
  the 
  chemical 
  analyses 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  samples, 
  given. 
  The 
  lactom- 
  

   eter 
  readings 
  are 
  those 
  noted 
  on 
  the 
  books 
  of 
  the 
  inspectors 
  when 
  

   suspicious 
  samples 
  have 
  been 
  taken, 
  on 
  the 
  street 
  or 
  at 
  the 
  factory, 
  

   when 
  the 
  examination 
  has 
  been 
  made. 
  The 
  inspectors 
  had 
  no 
  

   knowledge 
  that 
  the 
  readings 
  would 
  ever 
  be 
  used 
  for 
  the 
  present 
  

   purpose. 
  In 
  most 
  cases 
  no 
  Babcock 
  fat 
  test 
  was 
  made, 
  so 
  that 
  

   the 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  fat 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  calculations 
  was 
  the 
  amount 
  found 
  

   by 
  chemical 
  anlysis. 
  

  

  It 
  should 
  be 
  noted 
  that 
  the 
  lactometer 
  readings, 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  

   specific 
  gravity 
  values 
  have 
  been 
  deducted, 
  have 
  been 
  taken 
  at 
  

   temperatures 
  varying 
  between 
  the 
  extremes 
  of 
  36° 
  to 
  88° 
  Fahren- 
  

   lieit, 
  and 
  doubtless 
  manv 
  times 
  readings 
  have 
  been 
  hastilv 
  read 
  

  

  