﻿636 
  Seventh 
  Annual 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  The 
  Application 
  of 
  Tuberculin. 
  The 
  application 
  of 
  tuber- 
  

   culin 
  in 
  detecting 
  tuberculosis 
  in 
  cattle, 
  while 
  simple 
  in 
  detail, 
  

   is 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  greater 
  moment 
  than 
  is 
  sometimes 
  thought. 
  To 
  

   understand 
  this 
  fully 
  necessitates 
  a 
  familiarity 
  with 
  the 
  procedure 
  

   and 
  the 
  tuberculin 
  temperature-curve 
  just 
  described 
  in 
  reacting 
  

   animals. 
  In 
  an 
  appendix 
  to 
  this 
  paper 
  I 
  have 
  given 
  the 
  detailed 
  

   directions 
  for 
  using 
  tuberculin 
  as 
  recommended 
  by 
  the 
  United 
  

   States 
  Department 
  of 
  Agriculture, 
  by 
  the 
  Royal 
  Veterinary 
  Col- 
  

   lege, 
  London, 
  and 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Nocard 
  of 
  the 
  Alfort 
  Veterinary 
  

   College, 
  France. 
  In 
  brief, 
  the 
  methods 
  may 
  be 
  summarized 
  as 
  

   follow: 
  

  

  1. 
  The 
  normal 
  temperature 
  of 
  the 
  animal 
  to 
  be 
  tested 
  must 
  be 
  

   ■determined. 
  It 
  is 
  recommended 
  that 
  it 
  be 
  taken 
  hourly 
  or 
  every 
  

   two 
  hours 
  for 
  the 
  day 
  preceding 
  the 
  test. 
  

  

  2. 
  The 
  tuberculin 
  is 
  injected 
  subcutaneously 
  in 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  neck. 
  Care 
  must 
  be 
  taken 
  that 
  the 
  syringe 
  is 
  sterile. 
  (It 
  

   is 
  not 
  necessary 
  practically 
  to 
  disinfect 
  the 
  part, 
  as 
  cattle 
  are 
  

   ■quite 
  refractory 
  to 
  the 
  ordinary 
  bacteria 
  of 
  the 
  skin.) 
  The 
  size 
  

   ■of 
  the 
  dose 
  (from 
  0.25 
  to 
  2 
  c.c.) 
  depends 
  upon 
  the 
  preparation. 
  

  

  3. 
  Beginning 
  six 
  or 
  eight 
  hours 
  after 
  the 
  injection 
  the 
  tempera- 
  

   ture 
  should 
  be 
  taken 
  hourly, 
  or 
  at 
  least 
  every 
  two 
  hours, 
  for 
  fully 
  

   three-fourths 
  of 
  a 
  day. 
  

  

  4. 
  During 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  testing, 
  the 
  cattle 
  should 
  be 
  kept 
  quiet, 
  

   free 
  from 
  all 
  exposure, 
  and 
  fed 
  normally. 
  

  

  5. 
  In 
  case 
  of 
  reaction 
  there 
  should 
  be 
  a 
  rise 
  of 
  at 
  least 
  1.5° 
  F. 
  

   above 
  the 
  maximum 
  individual 
  normal 
  temperature 
  as 
  determined 
  

  

  inoculated 
  with 
  livinsr 
  germs. 
  This 
  hypothesis 
  — 
  that 
  the 
  general 
  reaction 
  is 
  

   "brought 
  about 
  by 
  toxins 
  already 
  stored 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  tuberculous 
  lesions 
  and 
  ex- 
  

   ploded, 
  as 
  it 
  were, 
  by 
  the 
  hypersemia 
  produced 
  about 
  these 
  lesions 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  

   •of 
  the 
  test 
  injection 
  of 
  tuberculin 
  — 
  is 
  borne 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  a 
  greater 
  

   amount 
  of 
  albumose 
  can 
  be 
  recovered 
  from 
  the 
  evaporated 
  urine 
  collected 
  dur- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  reaction 
  than 
  was 
  contained 
  in 
  the 
  test 
  injection; 
  also 
  by 
  clinical 
  ob- 
  

   servations 
  which 
  indicate 
  that 
  patients 
  suffering 
  from 
  localized 
  surgical 
  tu- 
  

   berculous 
  processes 
  of 
  limited 
  extent, 
  and 
  where 
  the 
  vascular 
  supply 
  to 
  the 
  

   part 
  is 
  limited, 
  require 
  a 
  larger 
  test 
  injection 
  to 
  produce 
  the 
  reaction 
  than 
  

   those 
  who 
  have 
  extensive 
  or 
  scattered 
  visceral 
  lesions 
  in 
  highly 
  vascular 
  or- 
  

   ;gans 
  like 
  the 
  lungs." 
  The 
  reader 
  is 
  referred 
  to 
  this 
  paper 
  for 
  a 
  careful 
  consid- 
  

   •eration 
  of 
  the 
  vexed 
  questions 
  relating 
  to 
  tuberculosis. 
  

  

  