State Dairy Association. 423 



hole at once. In putting up boxing plumb the corners, and use a 

 chalk-line, same as laying brick. 



Door and window frames are made same as for brick walls. 

 You must build them out to the thickness of the wall by nailing 

 a one-inch strip to the outside. If the wall is nine inches thick 

 and frame seven inches, put on two-inch strip. Also nail a strip 

 on each side of frame (perpendicular) to stay it in the wall, and 

 be sure to put a brace across the center of the frame so that it will 

 not spring in when you tamp your wall. Put wood blocks in wall 

 above floor and around door and window frames to nail baseboard 

 and casings to. When you have your boxing up set door frames 

 and build up to height of windows. Then set the window frame 

 level and plumb and tack the boxing to the frames, as this will 

 steady your frames take less sticks, and make a better wall. 

 (Don't drive nails clear up.) 



If your concrete is not too wet, you can put up two rounds 

 a day. We filled the box half full, then tamped; fill and tamp 

 again, not too had, just so that the water comes to top. We did 

 not screen gravel, as we found by pouring concrete against front of 

 box that the large gravel worked to the inside of the wall. 



In building chimneys put up three sides of box; then board 

 up four sides, as you work up. For the ordinary chimney four 

 inches is thick enough. To make the flue, make a box the size you 

 want the flue, cut side pieces six inches longer than front and back, 

 nail together, keep even on the bottom, and nail a round stick on 

 top between long ends. Place it in position, fill in six or eight 

 inches of concrete, and tamp. When you get to top of box, take 

 a lever, put under the round piece on top and lift box up, not quite 

 out, then fill in and tamp again. If there is but one flue, you can 

 go to top at once ; if there are two flues in chimney, with partition 

 between, would not go more than six or eight feet in one day. Be 

 sure and do not have concrete too wet; it should retain its shape, 

 if you take it in your hand and squeeze it. Our chimneys are 33 

 feet high; one 16x16 inches with 8x8 inch flue, and the other 18x34 

 inches, with one flue 8x8 inches for fireplace, and the other 8x11 

 for heater. They cost $17, including fireplace and hearth. If built 

 of brick, they would have cost $125. 



We have seventy feet of porches and eleven columns built at a 

 cost for cement of $20. Lumber for same would have cost $70, 

 and labor for wood work would have cost fully twice as much as 

 for cement work. We built a wall around front of porch, then filled 



