Live Stock Breeders' Association. 231 



hogs should be kept out from the sun for a day or two, to prevent 

 blistering. The much better practice for summer is to dip the herd 

 every month. Dipping will also help to keep the hogs in a clean, 

 healthy condition. 



A running stream is very good for hogs, but filthy mudholes 

 should not be tolerated. 



The ideal herdsman is gentle in manner, and moves quietly 

 among the herd. He is quick to observe, in fact, loves to observe 

 and watch the animals in his care. He loves to watch them as they 

 eat, and note the gains they are making. 



The man who succeeds best with hogs is the man who "ob- 

 serves," keeps well-bred hogs, is on constant guard against disease 

 and vermin, through good sanitation, has ample "protection" 

 against cold of winter and heat of summer, and gives properly 

 balanced amounts of "nutrition" — or, to be short, is the man who 

 pays "attention to details." 



PEDIGREE. 



By W. P. Harned, of Vermont, Missouri). 



Last year, at our annual meeting of the Improved Live Stock 

 Breeders' Association here, we had quite a lively discussion on this 

 very subject. It was opened by Mr. Miller of Indiana, an exporter 

 of high-class stock to South America — especially cattle, and mostly 

 of the Shorthorn breed. Quite a number of breeders took a hand 

 in the discussion, and it waxed rather warm, especially when one 

 went to show the evil that is resulting from inbreeding, or, as some 

 will say, line breeding. Touching this phase of the subject, is 

 stepping on the toes of the Fadist. The disciple of fads is very 

 tender at this point. 



It was the intention of each speaker in that discussion to show 

 the good use we are to make of a pedigree. But most of the de- 

 baters brought out so strongly the abuse to which many breeders 

 are subjecting our pedigrees, that it almost appeared in the wind-up 

 that pedigree is a bad thing to be attached to our animals. What 

 they really meant to explain was the kind of a pedigree that is 

 valuable and a good guide in our breeding operations, and the kind, 

 on the other hand, that is dangerous, and should be avoided, even 

 though it may be approved by the fickle hand of fashion. It was 

 very fortunate Col. W. A. Harris happened to be present at that 



