Da'inj Su(j(jv^tioii.s from Europe. 



Ill 



Climatic cuuditioiis" affect the crops grown, and while there is more 

 uniformity of temperature, there being neither intense heat nor cold, 

 yet very little corn can be raised. On the other hand, grass grows 

 abundantly, as the rainfall is plentiful and well distributed, and for 

 this reason the greater part of the country is in pasture or meadow, 

 only a comparatively small portion being under cultivation. There is 

 also a growing tendency to have more pasture and less tillable land, 



owing to the difficulty with which labor is 

 obtained. Good permanent grass land is 

 higher priced than arable land. Agricul- 

 tural conditions vary in England, as in other 

 countries, and it naturally follows that one 

 section differs from another. 



Usually grass seed is put in with oats or 

 wheat and always pastured after the grain 

 is cut. A large number of grasses are sown 

 together, as the grasses adapted to the soil 

 Heavy English cart commoniv ^^^^^l thrive best. A favorite mixture consists 

 dlMn^mUk.'^ ^''''"' '''''' ^°' of mcadow and tall fescue, perennial rye 

 grass, timothy, cock's foot, sweet vernal and red, wiiite and alsike 

 clover. Pastures that have been down some time either run to weeds 

 or establish themselves. The chief difficulty is to have the ground firm, 

 and the tramping of stock does much good if the ground is not too wet. 

 The pastures should be cared for by careful stocking, to prevent coarse 

 grasses from seeding and running out the smaller grasses. If the coarse 

 grasses predominate, the pasture 

 then becomes open in the bottom. 

 Pasturing a mixture of stock is 

 best, as they prefer different 

 grasses. Favorite English sayings 

 are : ' ' Never interfere with a 

 good pasture when once it is es- 

 tablished, ' ' and ' ' Any laborer can 

 look after arable land, but it re- 

 quires a master to look after grass land." 



Oats, wheat, barley and rye are the grains commonly raised. These 

 are harvested by cutting a swath around the field with a cradle and 

 then using a self-binder, as in this country. The crops which are culti- 

 vated while growing are mostly roots. Mangels are gro^vn extensively 

 for stock feeding, and these commonly yield from twenty-five to thirty 

 tons per acre. 



The carts, wagons, tools and implements used by the English 



A— 12 



English Farm at Hay Barracks. 



