Cement for the Farm. - 425 



especially the inner one, be made tight so that it is a dead air space. 

 The roof should be made sloping and should contain a dead air space. 

 The walls must be strongly built to withstand the lateral pressure 

 of a pile of ice and extend well down below the frost line. A good 

 foundation, with especial attention paid to drainage under and around 

 it, is absolutely necessary. 



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Figure 16. Cross section of walk construction. 



For an ice house of the ordinary size to supply a family of six, 

 the walls should each be six inches thick, if made of plain concrete, 

 or if well reinforced, 4 inches. In either case, they must be well tied 

 together and spaced about twelve inches, center to center of wall. 



Concrete Walks — A walk consists of the sub grade, foundation, 

 concrete top and the finish (Fig. 16). Lines of cord or twine should 

 be set as markers for the work. The excavation should extend about 

 one foot below the surface as a prevention against heaving by frost. 



The subgrade should then be firm, solid and dry. If the soil 

 holds water, it will freeze and lift the walk in sections, and should be 

 tile-drained The subgrade must then be tamped in preparation for 

 the foundation course. On this prepared subgrade place cinders to 

 the depth of six or eight inches, or to within four inches of the pro- 

 posed finished surface, and consolidate them by tamping. Give the 

 subgrade and this cinder foundation close attention. If cinders are 

 not available, substitute crushed rock, gravel, sand or some material 

 which will make a firm, but porous bed, through which water can 

 drain. 



Make forms by driving stakes along the sides of the walk, having 

 the tops even with the finished part of the walk, and nail 2x4 pieces 

 to the stakes as molds for the concrete. Adjust these forms carefully 

 so that they may serve as guides for the straightedge in leveling off. 



