Rural School Leaflet 105 i 



poor flour, or lack of cleanliness in milk, hands, or utensils, or too much 

 heat or cold, or too long rising. 



After bread has risen and is light, the work of the little yeast-plant is 

 accomplished; and not only is it no longer needed, but its presence spoils 

 the bread. So we bake the bread, and bake it long enough to kill all 

 the yeast present. This is not always done well, however, and in many 

 homes badly baked bread, having many live yeast-cells in the center of 

 the loaf, is a common occurrence. 



In making leavened bread, wheat flour or flour made from some other 

 grain having a substance called gluten must be used; for gluten is 

 very elastic and does not break when stretched by the gas bubbles, and 

 so it can hold the gas formed and a fine, light, porous loaf of bread results. 

 A cereal such as oatmeal cannot be used by itself in making bread, for 

 it is not elastic, but sticky, and the gas bubbles will quickly escape. 



Suppose you try to plant a yeast garden, grow some yeast-plants of 

 your own, and then make a loaf of bread. 

 How to make liquid yeast. — 

 2 potatoes, I cup salt 

 2 quarts water, 1 cup sugar 

 1 cup loose hops or 2 tablespoons package hops 

 1 yeast-cake softened in 1 cup water or 

 1 cup liquid yeast 

 Grate the potatoes into the water. 



Add salt, sugar, and hops, and boil until the potatoes are clear. 

 Pour into a clean earthenware jar or other receptacle, filling not more 

 than half full, and set in a cool place. 



When the mixture is lukewarm add the softened yeast-cake, cover with 

 a clean cloth, and set in a warm place to rise. 



Twelve to twenty-four hours will accomplish this. 

 Stir occasionally while rising. 



When well risen, cover with a clean plate or other cover and set away 

 in a clean, cool place. A freezing temperature will destroy the yeast- 

 plants. 



With care, liquid yeast made under clean conditions will keep in good 

 condition for two weeks or more. 



When more liquid yeast is to be made, a cup of liquid yeast may be used 

 to start it in place of dry yeast. 

 How to make bread. — 



For one loaf of bread use: 



I pint milk, \ cup liquid yeast 



1 teaspoon salt 



Flour to make a dough (about 3 to 4 cups) 



\ tablespoon butter or lard 



