n6o 



Rural School Leaflet 



but the face is always clear white and the outlines of the other white 

 markings are distinct. The body is a solid dark red. The Hereford 



heifer shown in the above 

 illustration well represents 

 this breed. 



The Aberdeen- Angus . — 

 The Aberdeen-Angus cow 

 is solid black and is 

 distinguished from the 

 Galloway by having 

 shorter and straighter 

 hair. The Angus cow is 

 polled; that is, from birth 

 she has no horns. 



The Galloway. — The 

 Galloway cow is also solid 

 black with the best coat of hair of any of the breeds of cattle. 

 The hair is rather long and wavy. The hide of the Galloway is especially 

 prized for robes and fur coats. This is a polled breed, also. 



The cows of the different breeds cannot always be distinguished by 

 color alone. Other characteristics, which have not been mentioned, may 

 need to be considered; but the color will enable us to determine the 

 breed in the great majority of cases. 



A Galloway cow 



V. THE BABCOCK TEST FOR BUTTER-FAT IN MILK 



R. A. Pearson 



Purpose. — To become familiar with a quick and accurate method of 

 showing the richness of milk, which means its percentage of fat. 



Materials. — A hand-power centrifugal tester, at least two milk test- 

 bottles (Fig. i), one pipette to measure the milk (Fig. 2), one acid 

 measure (Fig. 3), one dairy thermometer, about one pint of sulfuric 

 acid with specific gravity between 1.82 and 1.83, a few ounces of milk, 

 and some hot water. All the necessary apparatus and acid can be pur- 

 chased for about five dollars from any dairy supply company. They 

 can be ordered through a hardware dealer. Sulfuric acid is sold also 

 at drug stores. 



Sampling the milk. — The milk to be tested should be thoroughly mixed 

 just before the sample is taken, so as to make sure that the fat or cream is 

 evenly distributed. This can best be done by gently pouring it back 

 and forth between two vessels several times. The milk should be between 

 6o° and 70 F. 



