Rural School Leaflet ngi 



The first applications of poison should be made when the " worms " 

 first appear, while the cabbages are young. Other applications should 

 follow as needed. 



OBSERVATIONS FOR PUPILS 



Watch the butterflies in the garden and describe their manner of flying. 

 Do they soar like a bird and do they fly long distances at a time ? When 

 one alights on a cabbage leaf see, if possible, what she does. See whether 

 a tiny egg can be found sticking to the leaf. 



Where on the cabbages are the green caterpillars found? How do 

 they injure the leaves? What kind of mouth-parts do the caterpillars 

 have? What color are they? Do the bodies have any colored lines or 

 spots? How can the caterpillars be killed? 



Find some of the chrysalides. How are they attached to the leaf or 

 board? Describe their color and shape? Draw one of the chrysalides. 

 Watch one and see how the butterfly gets out of the case. 



How many wings has the butterfly? What is the ground color of the 

 wings above and below, and what and where are the markings? 



How many antennae has the butterfly? What is the shape and length 

 of each one? Draw one of the antennae. Find the coiled sucking tube on 

 the underside of the head. Uncoil it by passing a pin through the center 

 of the coil and straighten it out. How long is it? This tube constitutes 

 the mouth-parts of the butterfly. With it the butterfly can suck up 

 nectar from flowers. 



Note. — Moths and butterflies have great interest for little children. 

 Many of these insects are large and handsome, and the children learn 

 when very young the marvelous life history which is often demonstrated 

 in a schoolroom. Teachers often make mistakes in statements connected 

 with the metamorphosis of a moth or butterfly, speaking, for instance, 

 of a butterfly as coming out of a cocoon, and the like. It will be well, 

 therefore, if the teacher will learn carefully the following facts and try 

 to fix the knowledge by personal observation: 



The most important thing to remember in the study of moths and butter- 

 flies is that they appear in four different forms during their lives. These 

 forms are the egg, the larva, the pupa, and the adult. 



Butterflies have uncovered pupae. They fly by day. The wings are 

 folded over the back when at rest. The antennae, or feelers, have knobs 

 on the ends. The body is slender. 



Moths have pupae either inside cocoons or protected by being under- 

 ground or in some sheltered place. Many moths fly at night. The antennae 

 are never knobbed. Moths leave the wings spread when they are at rest. 

 The body is stout. 



