1700 The Cornell Reading-Courses 



this takes place about the middle of August, or a little later. The cautions 

 to be observed in covering the tip of the cane are (i) to avoid burying it 

 too deep and (2) to secure it firmly. The tip will take root readily if it 

 only touches the soil, but in commercial work, in which case the ground 

 is cultivated, it is necessary to secure the tip in some way so that it will 

 not be blown about by the wind A light covering of soil that does not 

 interfere with its growth is xhs easiest way of fastening the tip to the 

 ground. It is sometimes recommended to pin the tip down by means of 

 a wooden stake or a small stone. This method may do for the amateur, 

 but is not necessary, as a rule, in com. 1 :, urcial practice. The tip will have 

 rooted well by avtamn and may be transplanted the following spring. 

 Usually the old cane is cut off about six inches above the ground and used 

 as a handle in moving the young plant. When the transplanting is done 

 in spring there is danger cf smothering the young bud if the tips are cov- 

 ered with more than two inches of soil. 



The method of propagation differs in the black and the red raspberry 

 because the growth of the plants is unlike. In the red raspberry the 

 single canes spring from horizontal roots, which spread out two or three 

 inches beneath the surface of the soil; whereas in the black raspberry the 

 canes rise from a well-defined crown, not from the horizontal roots. Again, 

 the growth of the canes of the red raspberry is upright, whereas the canes 

 of the black raspberry naturally grow longer and droop to the 

 ground. Man has merely followed nature's method of propagation in 

 each case. 



Varieties 



The survey in western New York shows that there are four main crop 

 varieties — Kansas, Palmer, Black Diamond, and Cumberland. Kansas 

 is the favorite because it is an excellent variety and is easy to propagate. 

 It produces a large berry and is a heavy and reliable cropper. Palmer is 

 the earliest, and is popular both for this reason and because of the fact 

 that it is a good variety in other respects. It succeeds best on the earlier 

 soils. An objection to this variety is that the fruit grows under the 

 leaves, which makes it harder to pick. Black Diamond is a variety that 

 is increasing in favor, especially with growers around North Collins in 

 Monroe county. The bush is a large, vigorous grower and is productive. 

 It is less susceptible to anthracnose than are the other varieties. Cum- 

 berland is a strong, vigorous grower and the berries are large, but it does 

 not seem to hold up so well when shipped as do some other varieties. 

 The relative importance of these varieties in western New York, as shown 

 by the number of farms on which they are grown and the total number 

 of acres of each, is as follows: 



