1828 



The Cornell Reading-Courses 



bearing cherry trees in this State, which in 1909 bore a crop worth more 

 than a half-million dollars. This indicated a marked increase in the 

 industry since the census of 1900. 



VARIETIES 



Cultivated cherries are divided into two species, of which one includes 

 the sweet and the other the sour varieties. Sweet cherries are developed 

 from Prunus avium, and sour cherries from Prunus cerasus. 



Sweet cherries have a very characteristic growth. The trees are tall and 

 erect, and have a glossy bark which is reddish in color and tends to peel 

 in rings. The sweet cherry grows wild along woodlands and roadsides 



in many parts of this 

 country, and is known 

 as the Mazzard. From 

 the species avium have 

 sprung three cultiva- 

 ted types: 



I. Hearts. — Erect 

 and vigorous growers ; 

 fruit heart-shaped , 

 sweet, soft, light or 

 dark color. Tartarian, 

 Black Eagle, and El- 

 ton are examples of 

 this type. 



II. Bigarreaus. — 

 Tree somewhat more 

 spreading than the 



Hearts; fruit heart-shaped, but with firm, crisp flesh, sweet, light or dark. 

 Napoleon, Windsor, and Spanish. 



III. Dukes. — Growth smaller, with stout upright branches; fruit 

 round, moderately tender, juicy, light-colored; flesh acid or subacid, 

 light red to dark reddish brown. May Duke, Reine Hortense, and Late 

 Duke. This class is probably a cross between Prunus avium and Prunus 

 cerasus, although the characteristics of the sweet type predominate. 



Sour cherries. — The trees have a low, spreading form. The bark is 

 much darker than that of sweet cherries; it does not possess a glossy 

 appearance nor incline to peel in large strips, as does that of sweet 

 cherries. The fruit is generally round, red, soft, and sour. This species 

 may be divided into two types: 



I. Amarelles. — Trees medium size, spreading; fruit round, light red, 

 sour; juice colorless. Richmond and Montmorency. 



Fig. 122. — Morel lo cherries 



