324 



Bui-LETTN 256. 



r 



being broken because of bending. The support frequently used for this 

 purpose is a straight, stout pole made from some hard wood. This 

 should be placed firmly in the ground at the base of the tree when the 

 tree is planted, and on the side in line with the row of trees so that it 

 will be least conspicuous; it should be sunk to such a 

 depth in the ground that when the young tree is firmly 

 attached to it by leather (Fig. 244), w4re or rope bands, 

 which are kept from t':e tree by means of a padding of 

 cloth, wool, or any soft material that will protect the 

 tree from injury by binding, it will not be easily blown 

 over or broken by bending. Another method, illustrated 

 in Fig. 245, while more expensive, aftords a more secure 

 protection for the young tree. Trees require to be thus 

 protected during a period of three or four years after 

 planting, the length of this period depending on the size 

 of the trees when planted. In general, they cease to 

 need this protection when the trunk has attained such 

 a diameter that only a severe strain would break it. 



Young trees, however, are not the only ones requiring 

 support. Older trees, which have been newly transplanted 

 in order to replace dead specimens or to secure an effect 

 quickly, must be protected against wind storms espec- 

 ially, otherwise they may be uprooted. Such protection 

 is afforded by means of three or four guy -wires that may 

 be attached to the upper part of the trunk. Care should 

 be exercised in such work to guard against injury at the 

 point where the wires are attached. 



(2). Protection against horses and wagons. The injur}' 



i^i> 

 W 



n 



Iv^' 



Fig. 244. — 

 Young trees 



must be pro- to trunks of street trees from horse bites and wagon-wheel 



soft ^paddins. ^^^jrasions is so serious that some means of protection is 



under the demanded. Old trees should receive this necessary pro- 



^°'*l'^f w/ijZ^ tection through the enforcement of state laws (p. 464). 



Young trees, while they may be partially protected in the 



way previously cited, are more susceptible to this kind of injury, and 



the injury has greater relative importance in the development of the 



specimen than would the same wound on a larger tree. With the 



large number of styles of tree guards now on the market at reasonable 



prices, there seems to be little excuse for this injury from horses' 



teeth. Guards may be had at prices ranging from forty or fifty cents 



up to two or three dollars each. Home-made guards, which are 



efficient, may be used in countr}' districts; these may be a jacket of 



