1 88 Bulletin 252. 



to go to the trouble and expense to make up the lime-sulfur wash. They should 

 be diluted with not more than 10 or 12 parts of water. Use only on dormant trees. 



A good miscible oil can be made at home but it involves considerable labor and 

 unless proper grades of the different materials are used there will be difficulty in 

 combining them. Manufacturers of soaps and oils are now properly combining 

 these materials and offering the resulting emulsifiers at reasonable prices that are 

 considerably less than the cost of the proprietary miscible oils. 

 Quicklime, 20 lbs. 

 Lime and Sulfur (flour or flowers) 15 lbs. 

 sulfur wash. Water, 50 gals. 



The lime and sulfur must be thoroughly boiled. An iron kettle 

 is often convenient for the work. Proceed as follows : Place the lime in the kettle. 

 Add hot water gradually in sufficient quantity to produce the most rapid slaking of 

 the lime. When the lime begins to slake, add the sulfur and stir together. If con- 

 venient keep the mixture covered with burlap to save the heat. After slaking has 

 ceased, add more water and boil the mixture one hour. As the sulfur goes into 

 solution, a rich orange red or dark green color will appear. After boiling suffici- 

 ently, add water to the required amount and strain into the spray tank. The wash 

 is most effective when applied warm, but may be applied cold. If one has access to 

 a steam boiler, boiling with steam is more convenient and satisfactory. Barrels may 

 be used for holding the mixture, and the steam applied by running a pipe or 

 rubber hose into the mixture. Proceed in the same manner as for boiling in the 

 kettle until the lime is slaked, when the steam may be turned on. Continue boil- 

 ing for 45 minutes to an hour, or more if necessary to get the sulfur well dissolved. 



This mixture can be applied safely only when the trees are dormant, — !ate in 

 the autumn after the leaves have fallen, or early in the spring before the buds 

 swell. It is mainly an insecticide for San Jose scale, although it has considerable 

 value as a fungicide for certain diseases, like the peach leaf-curl. As the San 

 Jose scale is not killed unless the solution comes in contact with it, great care 

 should be exercised to completely cover the branches. 



Proprietary lime-sulfur washes arc now on the market and are reported 

 effective when used at the rate of i gallon of the wash to not more than 8 or 9 

 gallons of water. 



Hydrocyanic acid gas is a deadly poison and the greatest care is 

 Fumigation required in its use. Always use 98 to 100% pure potassium 

 with hydrocy- cyanide and a good grade of commercial sulphuric acid. The 

 anic acid gas. chemicals are always combined in the following proportion : 

 Potassium cyanide, I oz. ; sulphuric acid, 2 fluid ozs. ; water, 4 

 fluid ozs. Always use an earthen dish, pour in the water first, and add the sulfuric 

 acid to it. Put the required amount of cyanide in a thin paper bag and when all 

 is ready, drop it into the liquid and leave the room immediately. For mills and 

 dwellings, use i oz. of cyanide for every 100 cubic feet of space. Make the doors 

 and windows as tight as possible by pasting strips of paper over the cracks. Re- 

 move the silver-ware and food, and if brass and nickel work cannot be removed 

 cover with vaseline. Place the proper amount of the acid and water for every 

 room in 2-gallon jars. Use two or more in large rooms or halls. Weigh out 

 the potassium cyanide in paper bags and place them near the jars. When all is 

 ready, drop the cyanide into the jars, beginning on the top floors, since the fumes 

 are lighter than air. In large buildings, it is frequently necessary to suspend the 



