Insect Pests and Plant Diseases. 195 



GIXSEXG. 



This is the most destructive and common disease of cultivated 



Alternaria ginseng. First, spray the surface of the soil thoroughly with 



blight. copper sulfate solution, i lb. to 10 gallons, early in the spring 



before the plants come through ; second, spray vi^ith Bordeaux, 



5~5~50, as soon as the plants begin to break through the soil. Add sticker (see 



page 202). Spray repeatedly while the plants are coming through the soil, making 



a special effort to spray the stems as it is on these that the disease first becomes 



established in the spring. Spray to keep plant thoroughly covered throughout 



the season. Spray seed heads thoroughly just after the blossoms fall and again 



when the berries are two-thirds grown, to prevent "blast" caused by the Alternaria 



fungus. Destroy diseased tops. See Special Crops, Feb. 1907, Vol. 6, Xo. 54, p. 22. 



A disease caused by a fungus in the sap-tubes of the root. Wilt 



Wilt. is checked by removing the wilted plants as soon as discovered. 



See Cornell Bulletin 219. 



Root-rots. These are caused by different soil fungi. Favored by wet soggy 



soils. Drain the soil thoroughly. 



GOOSEBERRY. 



The fruit and leaves are covered with a dirty white growth of 

 Powdery fungus. In setting a new plantation, choose a site where the 

 mildew. land is well underdrained and where there is a good circulation 

 of air. Cut away drooping branches. Keep the ground under- 

 neath free from weeds. Spray with potassium sulphide, i oz. to 2 gals. ; com- 

 mence when the buds are breaking and repeat every 7 to 10 days until the fruit 

 is gathered. Powdery mildew is very destructive to the European varieties. See 

 Geneva Bulletins 133 and 161. 



GRAPE. 



This is the most destructive fungous disease of grapes in this 

 Black-rot. state. It is carried over from one season to the next chieflj- in 



old rotted berries or "mummies" that fall to the ground or 

 cling to the vines. Remove all mummies that cling to the arms at trimming time. 

 Plow earl}', turning under all old mummies and diseased leaves. Rake all refuse 

 under the vine into the last furrow and cover with the grape hoe. This cannot 

 be too thoroughly done. The disease is favored b}' wet weather and weeds or 

 grass in the vineyard. Use surface cultivation and keep down all weeds and grass. 

 Keep the vines well sprouted ; if necessary' sprout twice. Spray with Bordeaux 

 mixture, 5-5-50, until the middle of July, after that with ammoniacal copper car- 

 bonate. The number of sprayings will vary with the season. Alake the first appli- 

 cation when the third leaf shows. Infections take place with each rain, and occur 

 throughout the growing season. The foliage should be protected by a coating of 

 the spray before every rain. The new growth, especially, should be well sprayed. 

 When the foliage becomes dense the clusters should be sprayed with a "trailer'" 

 or hand-spraying device, about four applications of Bordeaux mixture and two 

 of the ammoniacal copper carbonate will be necessary. Apply 80 to 100 gallons 

 of spray to the acre. Use 100 to 140 lbs. pressure ; use a 1-16 inch hole in the 



