\2S, Circular Xo. 2. 



and plant in clean soil), or smut of oats and stinking smut of wheat (soak seed in 

 solution for 10 minutes, drain and let it stand in sacks, 2 hours, dry or sow wet; 

 or, sprinkle on grain as it is shoveled over on clean floor, i gallon per bushel, cover 

 with blankets for 2 hours or more. Dry or sow wet.) 



Corrosive Sublimate. 



This is a poisonous substance. Should be purchased in the powdered form. 

 Dissolve 4 ozs. in 30 gallons water. Effective as a preventive of potato scab (soak 

 tubers 30 minutes, allow to stand in sacks overnight). The same strength .solution 

 should be used in disinfecting wounds made in pruning out blight or cleaning out 

 cankers on pear and apple trees. 



Hot Water. 



This is used effectively in preventing the loose smut of wheat and the naked smut 

 of barley. Immerse the sacks of grain in cold water for 1 2 hours. Drain one hour. 

 Immerse in hot water at 130° F. for ten minutes. Plant at once. Use one-half 

 more wheat to make up for grain killed. 



other means of controlling plant diseases. 



As pointed out in the introduction there are things other than Fungicides that 

 are of the utmost importance in controlling plant diseases. Often the value of 

 the application of the fungicide is largely determined by the condition and environ- 

 ment of the sprayed plants. Some of the most important of these may here be 

 considered. 



Sanitation 



This simply means the " cleaning up " of the premises, the yard, the orchard, 

 the fields and fence rows; keeping the weeds down and the soil cultivated. 



Pruning. An orchard of trees full of dead limbs and branches hardly offers 

 the most satisfactory condition for effective application of spray mixtures. Care- 

 fully cut out all dead limbs and unnecessary branches. Open up the tops and let 

 in the light and air. Trim out the water sprouts, clean out the cankers. Treat 

 all wounds with the corrosive sublimate solution and paint with a good lead and 

 oil paint. Repeat the painting once or twice a season until the wound is healed. 



Burn the brush. Many of our fungous enemies mature and spread as readily 

 from this fallen brush as if it had remained on the tree. Often a few days delay, 

 especially in the spring, may suffice to ripen and disseminate the spores, thus 

 largely undoing the work of pruning, Prune early and bum the brush at once. 

 The pruning out of such dead and diseased limbs removes a great number of sources 

 of infection and thus reduces the chances of infecting the healthy limbs and so 

 directly assists the fungicide in controlling the trouble. 



Destruction of diseased plants and plant parts. This practice is of far more im- 

 portance than is usually accorded it. We well appreciate the necessity of quaran- 

 tining or destroying animals affected with contagious diseases. Most plant diseases 

 are contagious. Remove the wilted cucumber vine and bum it as soon as dis- 

 covered. Remove the smut from the corn and destroy it. Never let it go into the 

 manure. Cabbage and turnips affected with club root must never be fed to animals 

 unless boiled thoroughly. Do not throw these diseased plants on another field or 

 the manure pile. You are thus only spreading the disease. Cut the knots from 



