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Rural School Leaflkt. 



Lesson VIII. 



A STUDY IN FRUITS. Figs. 19, and 20. 



By C. S. Wilson. 



Object. — To teach the structure and classes of our common fruits. 



Materials. — Each pupil should be 

 supplied with two apples, two pears, 

 and a few peach pits ; also a quince 

 and some plum pits if possible ; one 

 drawing pencil ; one knife. 

 ■M/^^^^Wf I''^'' ^^''^ general use of the class, 



^^^^ the school should have a shovel, two 



gardener's "Hats," which are shallow 

 boxes and which can be made by the 

 boys from soap boxes, and sufficient 

 sand to fill the flats. 



First, let each pupil take an apple 

 and a pear, and observe the blossom 

 end opposite the stem. Here is a 

 clearly defined depression which is 

 called the basin. Recall the blossom 

 end of the peach and plum. Is it the 

 same as that of the apple and pear? 

 How does it differ? Examine the 

 calyx-lobes in the basin of the apple 

 and pear. These lobes are the green 

 covering of the bud before the flower 

 Opened. Xote the number. 



Second, let each pupil cut the 

 fruits through the center in a plane 

 perpendicular to the main axis. Note 

 the space which the core occupies. 

 Examine the core, the cells, and the 

 seeds. Observe the number of cells. 

 There are five, the same as the number 

 of calyx-lobes. N^ote their position in 

 reference to the calyx-lobes. A cell 

 lies beneath each lobe. A cut made 

 through tb.e end of one of the lobes 

 an.d down through the main axis of 



Fig. 19.— The fruit and seeds of our j^n a|)|)le passes through the center of 

 connuon pomes. J, Quinces; 2, 

 Pear; 3, -Ipple; 4, Crab. 



a cell. Observe the parchment-like 



