Rural School Leaflet. 697 



on the limbs or against the abdomen ; second, he may lie flat on his side 

 with head, neck, body, and legs all stretched out on the ground. 



5. To rise, the horse raises the head and neck, extends the forelegs 

 in front of him, raises himself part way up on them; in the meantime he 

 has placed his hind feet on the ground a little removed from the abdomen, 

 and then by a cjuick effort, brings himself up on his feet. 



When a cow rises, she lowers her head and neck, rests her fore quart- 

 ers on her knees, raises herself up on her hind feet, then by a quick effort 

 rises to her fore feet. 



6. A horse in starting to walk after standing, may start oft" with 

 either his right or his left foot. In case he starts off with his left front 

 foot, almost at the same time he raises his right hind foot. At the walk, 

 a horse moves on diagonal feet. 



7. When a horse trots, he moves his right front foot and left hind 

 foot together. At the trot he travels on diagonal feet. 



When a horse paces, he moves on his right front foot and right hind 

 foot at the same time. At the pace, he travels on lateral feet. 



8. In a horse that forges, the toe of the hind shoe strikes the shoe 

 of the fore foot on the same side. 



In a horse that over-reaches, the shoe of the hind foot strikes the 

 front foot in such a way as to cut or inflict a wound. 



9. The things that a horse is fed varies according to the locality. In 

 the northern states, Indian corn or oats constitutes the grain part of the 

 meal ; while corn-stalks or timothy hay constitutes the coarse part of the 

 fodder. In the south, Indian corn is the common grain, and dry corn- 

 stalks the coarse material. On the Pacific Coast, barely is the grain, and 

 wild oats, or the barley and wheat plant, the coarse material. Wheat- 

 bran is also a very good food, and should never be dispensed with in feed- 

 ing horses, especially the driving horse, which is likely to be not regularly 

 driven. There is nothing better to feed a horse than good sound oats, 

 Indian corn and wheat-bran for the grain part of the meal ; nor is there 

 anything better than good sweet timothy, or mixed timothy and clover 

 hay, free from dust, for the coarse part of the ration. 



The number of pounds to be fed per day cannot be stated with exact- 

 ness. That will depend on the kind of food, as well as the size of the horse 

 and the kind of work he is called on to do. We may say that an average 

 sized horse, doing light work, wnll consume 20 pounds of dry matter, 

 water free ; one doing medium work, 24 pounds ; and one at heavy work 

 26 pounds per day of dry matter, of which one-half to two-thirds should 

 be grain, the remainder coarse fodder. The proportion of grain that 

 .should be fed, depends on the kind of work the animal is doing. When 

 at hard work, the grain should be increased and the hay diminished ; 

 when idle, they hay should be increased and the grain diminished. 



The portion of the day's allowance that should be fed at each meal 



