128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



times 1, 5-4, 2, or even by atroj^h}-, 1, 4-4, 1) usually 2, 5-5, 2 iu 

 the European type, hooked, with rather narrow grinding sur- 

 face or none; anal basis short or more or less elongate; dorsal 

 fin posterior, usually behind ventral s; intestinal canal short. 

 Hize generally large, some species very small. A very large 

 group, one of the largest current genera in ichth^^ology, repre- 

 sented by numerous species in the rivers of Europe, Asia, and 

 North America. . . Individual irregularities in dentition are 

 common in this genus. 



The typical si>ecies of the genus, Leuciscns leuciscus, 

 is the common dace or vandoise of Europe, and differs greatly 

 from any of the American forms. The presence of various inter- 

 mediate species, however, makes it impossible to draw any satis- 

 factory line between the dace, Leuciscus, on the one hand, 

 and such extreme forms as the long-mouthed minnows, 

 C 1 i n o s t o 111 u s , on the other. 



Clinostomus is a peculiar group of suiall, fine-scaled 

 minnows, with the gape of the mouth larger than in any other 

 C y p r i n i d a e whatever. The relationship of the species to 

 those called K i c 1\ a r d s o n i u s is however verj- close. (After 

 Jordan and Evermann) 



Subgenus <i,ixosto.mi s (Jirard 



72 Leuciscus elongatus (Kirtland) 



R<'d-sid€d Shimer 



Lu.viliis clomjaUis Kikkland, Rep't Zool. Ohio, 169. 1836; Bost. Joiw. Nat. 



Hist. Ill, 339, pi. IV, fig. 1, 1841. 

 Ij€ucisctis proiiger Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. VII. 245, 1868. 

 Sqiialius elongatus Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 232. 1883. 

 Phoximts elongatus Bean, Fishes Penna. 52, 1893. 

 Leuciscus elongatus De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes, 214, 1842; Storer, Syn. 



Fish. N. A. 161. 1846; Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. VII, 245, 1868; 



Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 240, 1806. 



The red-sided shiner has an elongate fusiform body, its gi'eat- 

 est depth two ninths of the total length without the caudal, its 

 greatest width nearly one half of its depth. The caudal ped- 

 uncle is long and slender, its least depth two fifths of greatest 



