428 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



and tongue, wanting or deciduous in some species; gill raker® 

 long; eye large, with an adipose eyelid; dorsal spines rather low^ 

 connected; second dorsal long, usually elevated in front, both fins- 

 depressible in a groove; anal fin similar to second dorsal and 

 nearly as long, preceded by two rather strong spines, its base- 

 longer than the abdomen; caudal fin strongly forked, the 

 peduncle very slender; ventral fins moderate; pectorals falcate;: 

 no finlets; scales present, mostly very small; lateral line with its 

 posterior part armed with strong bony plates, which grow larger 

 on the tail, each plate armed with a spine, a short dorsal branch 

 of lateral line usually present; preopercle entire in the adult,, 

 serrate in the young, usually with a membranaceous border. 

 Species very numerous in all warm seas. 



Subgenus trtchopterus Rafinesque 

 214 Caranx hippos (Linnaeus) 



Cf'evalU 



Scomber hippos Linnaeus, Sj'st. Nat. ed. XII, I, 494, 1760, Charleston, South 



Carolina. 

 Caranx carangus Cuvieb & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. IX, 91, 1833;; 



GiJNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. II, 448, 1860. 

 Caranx defensor De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes, 120, pi. 24, fig. 72, 1842;, 



HOLBROOK, Ichth. S. C. 87, pi. 12, fig. 1. 1860. 

 Carangus hippos Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 433, 1SG2; Goode & Bean, 



Bull. Essex Inst. XI, 16, 1879. 

 Caranx hipptis .Toedan & Gilbert, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 437, 1883; 



Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 20O, 1883. 

 Caranx hippos Bean, Bull. U. S. F. C. VII, 139, 1888; Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. 



Hist. IX, 362, 1897; 52d Ann. Kept. N. Y. State Mus. 103, 1900; 



Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 920, 1896, pi. CXLI, 



fig. 387, 1900; Mearns. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. X, 318, 1898; Smith, 



Bull. U. S. F. C. XVII, 98, 1898. 



Body oblong, the anterior profile very strongly arched. The 

 depth is contained two and one half times in the length. Head 

 large and deep, its length being contained three and one half 

 times in that of the body; mouth large, low; lower jaw promi- 

 nent, maxillary extending to nearly opposite posterior border 

 of eye, two and one third in head; teeth in upper jaw in a 

 broad villiform band, an outer series of large, wide set, con- 

 ical teeth, teeth of lower jaw in one row, a distinct canine on 

 each side of symphysis; villiform teeth on vomer, palatines^ 



