FISHES OF NEW YORK 439 



WJien extremely yoimg, the preoperculum is armed at the 

 angle with three large spines, and smaller ones above and below.' 

 The spinous dorsal is developed as a perfect fin, and teeth are 

 present on the jaws and palatine arch. In this stage the species 

 has never been described b}' previous naturalists, and conse- 

 quently has received no name, as the corresponding stage of 

 Nauc rates (Nauclerus) has. At an early period the 

 preopercular sjiines are absorbed into the substance of the pre- 

 operculum and disappear. The spinous dorsal and the teeth are 

 still retained. In this condition it remains for some time, the 

 spinous dorsal, however, gradually losing its relative size, while 

 the soft vertical fins increase. In this stage the species belongs 

 to the genus Doliodon of Girard. At a later period the 

 membrane connecting the dorsal spines has become obsolete, 

 iind the species then represents the genus Trachynotus, 

 as understood bj' Cuvier and Valenciennes, and others. Finally, 

 in old age, the teeth of the jaws, palate, and pharyngeal bones 

 have fallen out, and the lobes of the dorsal, anal and caudal 

 fins attain their greatest extension and become pointed. This 

 final stage has been made known by Holbrook under the new 

 generic name of B o t h r o 1 a e m u s . GUP- 



The pseudobranchiae also disappear in old specimens. Some 

 "Of the species of T r a c h i n o t u s ( c a r o 1 i n u s etc.) are 

 among the most highly valued of our food fishes. Most of them 

 are however not of sujjerior quality. 



220 Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus) 

 Round Pompmio; Ovate Pompano 



Lcibrus falcatus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. X, I, 284, 1758, America. 



The Spinous Dory Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. I, pi. VI, fig. 10, 



no description. 

 Zeus spinosiis Mitchill, Am. Montli. Mag. II, 246, Feb. 1818. 

 Trachinotus spinosus De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fislies, 117, pi. 19, fig. 53, 1842, 



New York harbor, 

 Trachinotus rhomboides Cuvier & Valenciennes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. VIII, 



407, 1831. 

 Trachinotus fuscus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit. VIII, 410, 1831, Brazil. 

 Trachynotus rhomhoides Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 974, 



1883; Bean. Bull. U. S. F. C. VII, 139, pi. Ill, fig. 5, 1888. young. 

 Trachynotus oiatus Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit, Mus. II, 481, 1860. (in part, not 



Gasterosteus oratus of Linnaeus); Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. 10, U. S. 



Nat. Mus. 442, 1883; Bean, 19th Rep. Comm. Fish. N. Y. 2.55, pi. IX, 



fig. 12, 1800. 



'Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Proc. 1862, p. 440. 



