588 NEW YORK STATE MUSEIUM 



Labrus grunniens Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y, I, 405, 1815. 



Sciena fusca Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. I, 409, 1815, New 

 York. 



Sciena gigas Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. I, 413, 1815, New- 

 York. 



Pogonias chromis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. V, 206, 1830; 

 De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes, 80, 1842; Holbrook, Ichth. S. C. ed. 1, 

 112, pi. 16, fig. 2, 1856; Gunther, Oat. Fish. Brit. Mus. II, 270, 1860^ 

 Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 568, 1883; Bean, 19th 

 Rep. Comm. Fish. N. Y. 261, pi. XIII, fig. 17, 1890. 



Pogonias cromis Bean, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. IX, 368, 1897, Gravesend 

 Bay; H. M. Smith, Bull. U. S. F. C. 1897, 101, 1898; Jordan & Ever- 

 mann, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1482, 1898, pi. CCXXV, fig. 573, 1900. 



Body oblong, compressed, heavy forwards, its greatest depth 

 two fifths to one third of total length without caudal; least 

 hight of caudal peduncle one third length of head. Head large, 

 its length about two sevenths of total without caudal; snout 

 short, strongly declivous, a very shallow depression over the 

 eyes, nape much arched. Lower jaw slightly shorter in front 

 than upper; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye. Teeth 

 in broad bands, the outer series in maxillary scarcely enlarged; 

 lower pharyngeals large, completely united, covered with many 

 blunt molars and a small patch of conical teeth at the outer 

 posterior corner. Gill rakers 4+12 on first arch, very short 

 and slender. Spinous dorsal triangular, the fourth and fifth 

 longest, two fifths as long as the head, the spines rapidly 

 diminishing in size to the front and rear, the first one being 

 minute; the base of spinous dorsal as long as the head without 

 the snout. Soft dorsal lower than spinous, the longest rays one 

 third as long as the head. Anal base short, under second half of 

 soft dorsal, the first spine minute, the second about one third as 

 long as the head, the longest ray twice as long as the last ray 

 and one half as long as the head. Caudal truncate, the middle 

 rays about one half as long as the head. Pectoral long, reaching 

 to below the fourth ray of soft dorsal, as long as the head. Ven- 

 tral equal to postorbital part of head, reaching to below the 

 origin of soft dorsal. Scales on breast small, others large. D. 

 X, I, 21 to 22; A. II, 5 to 6; P. I, 17; V. I, 5. Scales 7-47 to 52-11. 



Color grayish silvery, wath five broad dark bars three of which 

 extend upon the dorsal fins, these bars disappearing with age; 



