338 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Osten Sacken, C. B. On the Transformations of Simulium. Am. Ent. 



2:229. With references 

 Planchon, J. E. Histodre d'une larva aquatique des genre Simulium. 



Montpellier. 1S44. p. 15 

 Poh.1. (Pohl & Koller). "A Brazilian Pest," in Reise in das Innere von 



Brazil. 1832 

 B-iley, C. V. The Death Web of Young Trout. Net of Simulium larvae. 



Am. Ent. 1870. 2:227-28 



S. p i s c i c i d i u m. Am. Ent. 1870. p.366, 367 



Simulium from Lalje Superior. Am. Nat. 1881. 15.*916 



Buffalo Gnat Problem, abstract Am. Ass'n Adv. Sci. Proc. for 



1887. May 1888. 86:362 



S. pecuarum and meridionale. U. S. Com. Agric. Rep't 



for 1886. 1887. p.459-592 

 Schiodte. S. f u s c i p e s. Kvaegmyggen. Berlingske Tidende. May 16, 



1878 

 Schonbauer. Geschichte der schaedlichen Kolumbatczer Miicken in 



Baunat. 1795 

 Theobald. Simulium Larvae. British Flies, p. 166 

 ■TGnaosvary, Edward. Im Auftrage d. K. ung. Minist. f. Ackerbau, etc. 



Uebers. v. .Toh. Wieny. 1885 

 'Townsend, C. H. T. On the Correlation of Habit in Nematocerous and 



Brachycerous Diptera, between Aquatic Larvae and Blood-sucking Adult 



Females. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 3:134, 136 

 On a species of Simulium from Grand Canon of Colorado. Am. 



Ent. Soc. Trans. 1898. 20:45 

 "Vea-dat, G. J. Memoire pour servir a I'histoire des Simulies. Naturw. 



Anz. d. Schweiz. Gres. 1822 

 Webster, E. M. Report on the Buffalo Gnats. U. S. Dep't Agric. Div. 



Ent. Bui. 4. 1887. p.29 

 Weissmann. Ueber die Entstehung des voUendeten Insecten in Larve 



und Puppe, p.25-30, tab. 1, 2, 3 

 Westwood. The Water Cress Fly. Gardner's Chron. 1848. p.204 



The life histories of some of the members of this family have 

 long been known. Otto Fabricius in 1784^ published an arti- 

 cle, " Beschreibung der Atlasmiicke und ihrer Puppe." A little 

 later (1795) Schonbauer published his account of the immature 

 stages of the Columbacz midge. He was the first to state 

 that these earlier stages are passed in the water. In 

 1822 appeared Verdat's paper, on Simulium seri- 

 c e u ra (=S. r e p t a n s , according to Schiner) in which 

 he figures the pupa, the larva, together with enlarged 

 details of the mouth parts of the latter. Among other 

 early writings on life history may be mentioned Fries'a 



iSchr. d. Berl. Ges. naturf. Fr. 5:254-59. tab.3, fig.1-5. 



