AQUATIC INSECTS IN NEW YORK STATE 433 



containing Cbironomus and allied genera, the second containing 

 Tanypus and some others, and the third, Ceratopogon etc. Be- 

 sides this, there are a few aberrant genera which can not well 

 be placed in any of the above mentioned groups. 



The bibliography of the biologic literature is rather extensive, 

 specially for European species; and I will therefore give only 

 that which may be of particular interest to the American reader. 



Brauer, F. Syst. Studien auf Grimdlage der Dipteren-Larven nebst einer 

 Zusammenstellung von Boispielen aus der Literatur ueber dieselben 

 und Beschreibungen neiier Formen. Denkschi*. d. k. zoo. bot. Gesell. 

 Wien. 1883. 47:1-100, pl.1-5 

 Fries. Monographia Tanyporum Siieciae. 1824 

 Gtercke, Verb. Ver. Hamburg. 1877. 4:6, and 1880. v. 6 

 Kiefifer, J. J. AUgemeine Zeitsch. f. Ent. Aug. 1901. Ceratopogon and 



Wulpiella 

 Meinert, Fr. De eucephale Muggelarver. With extensive bibliography. 



1886 

 Miall & Haminond. ,The Harlequin Fly. On the Life History and 

 Anatomy of Chironomus dor sails. With bibliography. 1901 

 Packard, A. S. On Insects Inhabiting Salt Water. Am. Jour. Sci. no. 2. 

 1871. Species of Ceratopogon (nee Tanypus) 



Essex Inst. Proc. 6:42. Chironomus oceanicus 



Pettit, R, H. Mich, Acad, Sci. 1900. p. 110. A Leaf-mining Chironomus 

 Osborn, H, Iowa Exp. Sta. Bui. 32. Chironomus Larva 

 Smith, Sidney. United States Fish. Com. v.2, Rep't for 1872 and 1873. 

 Sketch of the Invertebrate Fauna of Lake Superior. Larva of Chirono- 

 mus 



The Chironomidae are gnatlike flies of slender form, the males^ 

 conspicuous for their plumose antennae. They may be distin 

 guished from mosquitos, which they resemble very much, by the 

 costal vein not being continuous on the posterior side of the 

 wing. The larvae are soft skinned, wormlike, and usually 

 aquatic, though some are terrestrial. These midges are often 

 seen, specially in the early spring or in the autumn, in immense 

 swarms, dancing in the air. For a more complete characteriza- 

 tion of the family the reader is referred to Comstock's Manual for 

 the Study of Insects or to ^^'^illiston's Manual of the North American 

 Diptera. 



Gercke, in Verh. Ver. Hamhurg, 1878, 4:22.j, distinguishes the 

 larvae of Chironomus and Tanypus thus: "All Chironomus lar- 

 vae have a cylindrical body, a short oval head; the smaller spe- 



