FOREST PLANTING IN EASTERN NEBRASKA. 145 



hardy trees, but if you take them from the south, even of the speciosa, 

 you will get something very tender, and not so good for our northern 

 planting here in Nebraska. You go over Nebraska ahd you will find 

 about half of the speciosa are killed, while the other half are hardy. 

 That is a very good way to distinguish them. I have noticed that 

 some are very readily killed, even of the speciosa, while others are 

 hardy. I would make that distinction. It makes a difference where 

 the trees are raised. There are very few bignonioides in this state. 



Question: Before you sit down, can you tell us how to distinguish 

 it? 



Answer: There is a difference in the foliage. It is as much marked 

 as a good many other distinguishing sorts. The seed is much smaller 

 and the pod is much smaller. I received a letter from a Mr. Keyes 

 saying that his hybrid catalpa was growing successfully farther south. 

 Another distinguishing feature is, that it is of a much more rapid 

 growth than the other, but it is not hardy. Down in Kansas and Texas 

 it makes a good shade. 



Question: Which seed is the smaller? 



Answer: The hybrid has a much longer seed. The other has a 

 small, fine seed. 



A Member: I will say this, there is a difference both in the size of 

 the pod and possibly in the size of the seed. The pods are about the 

 same length, but in the hardy catalpa they are a trifle wider. They are 

 a coarser pod, and the same is true of the seed. 



Mr. Emerson; I was given something to look up this morning. The 

 bignonioides is of an ill-scenting character, while the Catalpa speciosa 

 is scentless. There is a difference in the foliage, and there is a dif- 

 ference in the size of the tree, too. I do not quite agree with Mr. 

 Harrison that there are two varieties of the Catalpa speciosa. I think 

 the non-hardy form that you mention is not the speciosa. I believe it 

 is a hybrid. If it is true that there are two varieties of the speciosa, 

 as you mention, then we had better get to work and make another 

 species. 



A Member: The speciosa never has over three or four pods hanging 

 together. That is the usual way to tell. They are large, coarse pods. 

 In the other, you can find fifteen to twenty pods hanging in a bunch 

 and they are also much finer and more slender. 



Mr. Brown: I was just going to say that fifteen or twenty years ago 

 I heard Mr. Douglas, perhaps the best posted man in the United States, 

 make practically the same statement as Mr. Harrison, I think, in Chicago. 

 His idea was that the particularly hardy variety of the speciosa came 

 from the northern belt, while the semi-hardy came from the southern 

 belt. That was the designation he fixed at that time. 



Mr. Harrison: That is what I desire to emphasize. You take the 

 Cottonwood from this section, and it is never as hardy as it is further 

 north, say in Manitoba, or further north. And take the red cedar from 



