208 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



fungicides and antiseptics as well. They must prevent the growth or 

 germination of fungi, and thus prevent rotting. If they permeate to 

 the center, they will not leach out so readily; but the easier they 

 penetrate, the easier the leaching, in the case of soluble salts. 



The following substances have been used with considerable success: 

 Creasote is sometimes forced hot into timbers placed in tanks. A pene- 

 tration of several inches may be effected. This is a very expensive 

 process. Zinc chloride is used much more cheaply, and this process 

 is the generally accepted one. The Hasselman process, which consists 

 of boiling for several hours in sulphates of copper, iron and alum, with 

 a little kainit, fills the walls as well as the cavities of the cells, and 

 ought to give good results. 



In addition to those mentioned by Freeman, the following were used 

 on ties laid for experimental purposes in Texas (See Bull. 51, B. P.): 



The zinc-tannin process consists, after steaming and vacuum, of three 

 injections under pressure. (1) Clear chloride of zinc, 4 per cent strong. 

 (2) A solution of glue, 2 per cent strong. (3) A solution of tannin, 2 

 per cent strong. Twelve hours for each injection. 



Ties treated with Beaumont oil were soaked in an open vat for 

 twenty-four hours. Seasoned ties absorbed from 3.15 to 5.67 pounds of 

 the oil. 



The Burnetizing process is a combination of the zinc cloride and 

 creasoting processes. 



Treatment with spiritine consists merely in immersing the ties in a 

 vat of spiritine for twenty-four hours. The average absorption was 3.3 

 pounds per tie. 



