264 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



was sprayed by the owner or left unsprayed, as he chose. Care was 

 exercised in every case to see that the sprayed and unsprayed parts of 

 the demonstration block were sufficiently uniform to insure a fair com- 

 parison between the yield and value of the sprayed and of the unsprayed 

 trees. 



Dates of Spraying. — The proposed dates for the different sprayings 

 were: 



(1) As the cluster buds open. 



(2) As soon as the petals fall. 



(3) 7 to 10 days after the petals fall. 



(4) 30 days after the petals fall. 



(5) About July 25th. 



(6) About August 15th. 



Owing partly to the light infestation of codling-moth at the time the 

 fifth spraying was given and partly to a desire to keep down the expense 

 of spraying, the sixth application was omitted in all of the orchards, and 

 in one orchard the fourth spraying was also skipped. The actual dates 

 of spraying for the different localities were: 



(1) April 23d to May 1st. 



(2) May 7th to 17th. 



(3) May 15th to 26th. 



(4) June 6th to 9th. 



(5) July 10th to 25th. 



The Spraying Materials and Appliances. — The spraying materials 

 used were Bordeaux mixture and some form of arsenic poison. The 

 Bordeaux used was mostly of the 4-6-50 formula; that is, 4 pounds of 

 bluestone (copper sulfate) and 6 pounds of quicklime were used with 50 

 gallons of water. In most of the orchards a stronger Bordeaux (5-5-50) 

 was used for the fiyst spraying, and in one orchard a weaker mixture 

 (3-5-50) was used for the last spraying. The poisons used were arsenate 

 of lead in two orchards, green arsenoid in one, and Paris green in three. 

 Poisons were added to the Bordeaux at the rate of 4 ounces to 50 gallons 

 in case of Paris green and green arsenoid, and 2 pounds to 50 gallons 

 for arsenate of lead. 



The spraying outfits employed were barrel pumps in three orchards, 

 geared power sprayers in two, and a gasoline engine^, sprayer in one. In 

 most cases two leads of hose, 8- or 10-foot extension rods, and double 

 Vermorel nozzles were used. With the gasoline power pump three leads 

 of hose were used most of the time. In some of the orchards elevated 

 platforms for the supply tanks or barrels were had, along with a con- 

 venient water supply, while in others the spray materials were prepared 

 on the ground and lifted into the spray tank or barrel in buckets. In 

 some cases the well and mixing stand were in the orchard and in others 

 some distance from it. 



The Records Kept. — Exact records were kept of the quantities and 

 cost of the various spray materials used and of the hours and cost of labor 



