THE CAROLINA POPLAR. * 251 



Elliott ("Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia," vol. 

 II, 1824) describes Populus angulata accurately and says that "the young 

 branches are all winged and angled by the decurrent petioles or by the 

 junction of different branches, and these vestiges are not effaced for 

 several years." 



In Eaton and Wright's "North American Botany," 8th edition, 1840, 

 Populus angulata is described by the side of Populus monilifera, from 

 which it is regarded as distinct. 



Gray, in the first edition of his "Manual of the Botany of the Northern 

 United States" (1848), regarded Populus angulata as distinct from the 

 Cottonwood. This distinction was maintained through the successive 

 editions to and including the fifth, which appeared in 1867 (with reissues 

 up to at least ten years later). In the sixth edition, which appeared in 

 1890, after Dr. Gray's death, Populus angulata is included without com- 

 ment under the common cottonwood. 



In Wood's "Class-book of Botany" (1868), Populus angulata is de- 

 scribed as distinct from Populus monilifera, and is given the English 

 name of "Water Poplar" or "Western Cotton Tree." 



In Wesmael's treatment of the species of the genus Populus in De 

 Candolle's "Prodromus" (1868), Populus angulata is regarded as certainly 

 different from Populus canadensis (P. monilifera). The differential char- 

 acters are, the scarcely gummy buds, the more prominently angled 

 branches, which are brown (instead of gray or brownish green), and the 

 larger leaves, which have red or yellow petioles and primary veins. 



Vasey in his "Catalogue of the Forest Trees of the United States" 

 (1878) distinguishes Populus angulata from the common cottonwood. 



In his "Report on the Forests of North America," published in the 

 reports of the Tenth Census (1884), Professor Sargent includes Populus 

 angulata under the common cottonwood (P. monilifera). To the latter 

 scientific name he applies the English name of Carolina Poplar as well 

 as Cottonwood. In Volume IX of the "Silva of North America" (1896) 

 the same author includes Populus angulata under the Cottonwood (here 

 called P. deltoidea), and says "P. deltoidea fs sometimes called the Car- 

 olina Poplar in European gardens," 



In Britton and Brown's "Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and 

 Canada" (1896), Populus angulata is included under Populus deltoidea, 

 the Cottonwood, and at the end of the description it is said that it is 

 "also called Carolina Poplar." The same treatment is given these two 

 trees in both the first (1901) and second (1905) editions of Britton's 

 "Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Canada." 



It may be helpful to call attention here to the treatment of the 

 poplars in Dode's "Extraits d'une Monographic inedite du Genre Popu- 

 lus" (1905), which has recently appeared. In this work those true 

 poplars which have flattened petioles are separated into four groups, viz.: 

 Caroliniensis, Fremontii, Virginiana and Nigra. These may be regarded 

 as species, each containing several varieties, or as groups of species. The 



