SPRAYING DEMONSTRATIONS. 273 



In case of some varieties of apples, in some of the orchards there was 

 almost no scab, even on unsprayed trees. In all cases where scab was 

 abundant on unsprayed trees the sprayed fruit was practically free from 

 scab. Even in the single case where almost a third of the sprayed fruits 

 were "scabby," the scab did very little real damage. All fruits that 

 showed any scab spots were classed as "scabby." Most of the sprayed 

 fruits so classed really had very little scab, while much of the unsprayed 

 "scabby" fruit was scabbed so bad as to be practically worthless. The 

 difference between sprayed and unsprayed fruit was therefore much 

 greater than the table would indicate. The general average percentages 

 of scabby fruits as shown in the table (6 per cent for the sprayed fruit 

 and 38 per cent for the unsprayed fruit), show, however, that the scab 

 was controlled well by the spraying. 



That the codling-moth was not controlled so well is shown by the 

 table, the average of wormy fruits being 22 per cent for the sprayed 

 trees and 46 per cent for the unsprayed ones. The large number of 

 wormy apples was due to the late brood of codling-moth, which developed 

 in great numbers late in the season. Late in July, at the time of the last 

 spraying, there were very few wormy apples on sprayed trees and in some 

 cases even on unsprayed trees. It was partly due to the scarcity of 

 worms then that the proposed August spraying was omitted. As it 

 turned out, a late spraying would doubtless have been very beneficial. 

 In studying results of spraying tests of this sort where the sprayed and 

 unsprayed trees stood close together, as great differences are not to be 

 expected as v/here the sprayed and unsprayed blocks are isolated for the 

 reason that many of the moths that develop from the first brood of 

 worms on unsprayed trees spread out to the sprayed trees close by, thus 

 not only increasing the number of wormy apples on the sprayed trees 

 but also decreasing the number of worms in the unsprayed fruit. 



In figures 5, 6, and 7 (pp. 284, 285) are shown the entire yields of 

 three Missouri Pippin trees, two of them sprayed and one of them 

 unsprayed. The baskets at the right in each case contained the 

 apples that were free from scab and worms, while those on the left 

 contained the scabby and wormy fruits. 



INFLUENCE OF SPRAYING ON THE HEALTH OF APPLE 



FOLIAGE. 



In midsummer, injury to the foliage of a few varieties of apples 

 was noticed in two or three of the orchards. Some of the leaves 

 were yellow and falling, and more were spotted. No serious injury 

 resulted, however, in any of the sprayed orchards. At the time the 

 fruit was picked the foliage of the sprayed trees was good in all of 

 the orchards, while in at least four of the orchards the unsprayed 

 trees had lost much of their foliage. Much of this defoliation of un- 

 sprayed trees was apparently due to a leaf-spot which was very 



