SPRAYING DEMONSTRATIONS. 



275 



which the final records were made, care was exercised that they should 

 represent average conditions in the sprayed and unsprayed plats. In 

 one orchard where the final records were made from only a few trees, 

 these trees were chosen early in summer, before it was possible to tell 

 what the full effect of the spraying would be. While it would have 

 been better, doubtless, to have recorded the yield of all trees of the 

 sprayed and check plats, this was found impracticable. As it was, 



Fig. 2. Unsprayed Winesap tree in the Tecum- 

 seh orchard, standing: next to the one shown in 

 fig. 4. Almost wholly defoliated by disease by 

 October 18, 1906. 



exact records were made of the yield of 215 trees of the sprayed plats 

 of the difi'erent orchards and of 71 trees of the unsprayed plats. 



In making these records the apples were picked from the trees and 

 sorted into "merchantable" fruit and "culls." The "windfalls" were 

 picked up and measured. In grading the fruit no definite standard was 

 followed. Any fruit which the owners were able to market was called 

 merchantable and the fruit that could not be disposed of or that could 

 be sold only at cider mills or vinegar factories was classed as culls. In 

 most of the orchards this grading was done by the owners or by the 



