SPRAYING DEMONSTRATIONS. 277 



men who bought the crop. Where the work was done by representatives 

 of the Department of Agriculture or of the Experiment Station, the 

 grading was made to conform as nearly as possible to the practice of 

 the owners or buyers. In most cases the grading was not very close. 

 Wormy and scabby apples were classed as merchantable except where 

 the injury was conspicuous, and in some cases fruit conspicuously in- 

 jured by worms or scab was included in this class unless there was a 

 prospect of immediate decay. 



To determine the value of the fruit, the prices actually received by 

 the orchard owners were noted where possible. Where the whole crop 

 was sold for a lump sum, making it impossible to get at the exact price 

 per bushel, a statement was secured from the owner or biiyer giving 

 the price commonly paid for similar fruit in the neighborhood. Where 

 the culls and windfalls were disposed of, the pi'ice received for them 

 was also noted. In case the culls and windfalls were not sold, no ac- 

 count was taken of them in calculating the value of the fruit. 



In all cases where possible, the net value of the fruit, that is, the 

 value on the tree, was determined. Where the gross selling value of 

 the fruit was alone obtainable, seven cents per bushel was deducted to 

 cover the cost of picking and handling the fruit. The cost of this work 

 of course varied in different orchards and may have been more than 

 seven cents in some cases, but the actual cost in one of the orchards 

 was between one and two cents less than the allowance made here. 

 In cases of culls and windfalls, five cents per bushel was deducted from 

 the selling price to allow for the work of gathering and marketing. 



Statements and a tabular summary of the yield and value of fruit 

 from the sprayed and unsprayed trees of the six orchards are given 

 below : 



F'ai.t.s City Orchard. — Records were made from 65 trees. The gross 

 selling price of merchantable apples was 37 cents per bushel, and of 

 culls and windfalls 12 cents per bushel. Net prices are here estimated 

 at 30 cents and 7 cents respectively. 



Winesap — 



7 sprayed trees — Total Per tree. 



Merchantable fruit ISV^ bu. $4.65 2.2 bu. $0.66 



Culls and windfalls 12% bu. .89 1.8 bu. .13 



Total 28^ bu. $5.54 4.0 bu. $0.79 



11 unsprayed trees — 



Merchantable fruit 8i^ bu. $2.55 0.8 bu. $0.23 



Culls and windfalls 31^,^ bu. 2.21 2.8 bu. .20 



Total 40 bu. $4.76 3.6 bu. $0.43 



