WHAT IS BEING DONE TO CONTROL. CANKER 69 



The Chairman: The cherry stock as we use it here is almost uni- 

 versally imported from Prance. Either the seed or the roots are im- 

 ported from France. This produces a dwarf tree and it is always short 

 lived. My experience with cherry trees has been either some injury to 

 the root which is caused by grub worms, or a fungus disease which cit- 

 tacks the root, are responsible for the death of cherry trees. These 

 diseases are or were imported from France a few years ago, and proved 

 very destructive to trees, and killed large numbers of them. 



Mr. Benz: I would like to ask the difference between the Mahaleb, 

 and the Mazzard? 



S. A. Marshall: We experimented with them in Washington county 

 some years ago, and the Mazzard seemed to be rather tender, and the 

 winters seemed to hurt it. We could not get the trees big enough to 

 tell whether or not they were healthy, and so we gave the Mazzard 

 up as a bad job in this country. I nould take the Mahaleb every 

 time. 



Q. On account of too much moisture? 



A. Because they won't stand winter well. Another thing, which it 

 is very susceptible to, and that is rust. I believe that is the big- 

 gest enemy we have. I believe its worst day is over. Of course it revels 

 in wet seasons, and in dry seasons it can't grow. Therefore our cher- 

 ries seem more healthy in dry seasons. Another thing, and that is, that 

 this injures the dark cherries much worse than it does the light cher- 

 ries. 



The Secretary: Question number 5 is as follows: "Is it advisable 

 to plant an orchard for home use in District No. 19. Namely, Garden 

 county. If so, I would like to know the varieties best adapted to that 

 localit3^ The best location for an orchard, whether on a north slope. 

 The method of culture the first years; and about a windbreak; the 

 quickest growth and the most advisable." 



(Signed). F. L. BACKENBERG. 



Mr. Benz: I have the honor of coming fi-om Garden county, but I 

 am not the man that submitted that question. I would like to hear it 

 answered. We have quite an experimental orchard there. Mr. Mc- 

 Cormick has demonstrated a good mcmy things I think the facts that 

 this gentleman wants to know, Cal McCormick of Llewellen, who is grow- 

 ing apples by the carload, can best answer. 



Q. Is it dry farming? 

 - , A. Well, sir, he does not irrigate; but may get the benefit of seep- 

 age for the reason that his farm is along the ditch, bu': he does not 

 apply any water to^ his trees. 



Q. How far above the orchard is the ditch? 



A. Well, you mean how high? 



Q. No, the distance from the orchard to the ditch? 



A. In some cases it is half a mile, and the trees farthest from the 

 ditch seem to be doing as well as those nearest the ditcli. 



