WHAT IS BEING DONE TO CONTROL CANKER 61 



Owing to the absence of many other commercial orchards near, we 

 have quite a local demand, — farmers coming from a distance of 20 to 

 25 miles, saying "my orchard had lots of apples, but they all fell off and 

 what are left are so wormy they are no good." To these customers we 

 sold almost all of our Jonathan and Grimes Golden, as well as a large 

 number of winter apples, and many bushels of the smaller apples taken 

 out by the grading machine. 



When we were finally through, or about through, tlie receipts, expense 

 and net profits figured up as follows: 



RECEIPTS. 



From crabs and summer apples $ 393 80 



Fall and winter apples sold locally 849 60 



Winter apples sold in car lots 2,937 29 



Culls sold locally 50 00 



Miscellaneous sales, cider, etc.. . .' 25 00 



Apples on hand and in storage 200 00 



Total $4,455 69 



EXPENSE. 



Picking at 4 cents per bushel $ 416 75 



Graders and help 208 30 



Spraying 169 75 



Boxes 75 00 



Incidentals 20 50 



Total . .$ 890 30 



Net profit $3,565 39 



Profit per acre $ 173 92 



The Chairman: If there is no one wishes to discuss this paper we 

 \\TiIl listen to one by Prof. J. R. Cooper, of the University of Nebraska, 

 on the subject of "What is being done to control canker." 



WHAT IS BEING DONE TO CONTROL CANKER. 

 Prof. J. R. Cooper, Department of Horticulture, University of Nebraska. 



As it is commonly used, the term "canker" io applied to any diseased 

 condition of the bark or wood of a tree. In order to control any ob- 

 normal growth or condition, it is first necessary to find the cause, the man- 

 ner in which the infection — if such is the case — takes place, and the man- 

 ner of dissemination. In the present case it is necessary to make a slight 

 distinction between different apple tree cankers. 



Named in the order of importance the most destructive cankers in Ne- 

 braska are, Illinois or blister canker; bitter rot canker, and black rot can- 

 ker. In appearance and effect on the trees they are somewhat similar, to 

 the casual observer. Bitter rot and black rot canker, however, seldom ex- 



