SPKAYING APPLES AND GRAPES 203 



pressure (200 to 300 lbs.) from above the calyx cups, which at this time 

 are standing upright and open ready to receive the liquid. This is the 

 most important spray for the codling moth. It has been demonstrated 

 that fully 80 per cent of the worms enter the apples, in unsprayed or- 

 chards, at the calyx end. The filling of these cups with poison will 

 lessen the infestation just that much, besides lessening the number of 

 second brood worms. This spray is intended to control codling moth, 

 curculio, scab, rust and leaf feeders. 



Lime and sulphur is preferred for the second spray because at this 

 stage Bordeaux is liable to cause serious russeting of the fruit and burn- 

 ing of the foliage, unless it is very carefully mixed and applied as a 

 very light mist. 



The third spraying of commercial lime and sulphur, and arsenate of 

 lead, 11/^-2-50, should be done three to four weeks after the petals have 

 fallen. This spray, like the first, should be applied as a fine mist. This 

 application is intended for codling moth, curculio, scab, blotch, black rot, 

 and bitter rot. By this time the fungicides will have been partly washed 

 from the trees and the first brood of codling moth will be hatching. 



The fourth spraying with Bordeaux and arsenate of lead, 3-4-2-50, or 

 commercial lime and sulphur and arsenate of lead lV^-50, depending upon 

 weather conditions, should be done eight to ten weeks after the blossoms 

 fall, and should be applied as a fine mist. In case the weather is wet 

 or muddy, lime and sulphur is the better spray to use; but in case of 

 dry hot weather, Bordeaux gives better results, since under such condi- 

 tions lime and sulphur is liable to burn both the fruit and foliage. This 

 application is intended primarily for the second brood codling moth, but 

 also for blotch, rust, bitter rot, and black rot. In case none of these 

 diseases is present, the fungicide may be omitted from this spray. For 

 the control of blotch on apples, Bordeaux gives better results than lime 

 and sulphur. 



Grapes should be sprayed three to six times, depending upon weather 

 conditions and amount of infection. The first spraying of Bordeaux and 

 arsenate of lead, 5-5-2-50 should be done when the flower buds are be- 

 ginning to swell. The spray should be delivered as a fine mist under 

 heavy pressure and should completely cover all parts of the plant. This 

 treatment is for mildew, anthracnose, black rot, curculio, grape berry 

 moth, flea beetles, and other leaf-eating insects. 



The second spraying should be done just after the blossoms fall and 

 should consist of the same materials and be applied in the same manner 

 as the first spray. 



The third spraying should be done when the fruit is about the size of 

 small buckshot, and should consist of the same material as the first two 

 sprays. If the weather is very damp, or if the vineyard is infested with 

 black rot, it may be necessary to apply two or three more sprays at in- 

 tervals of seven to ten days. Two to three weeks before the fruit be- 

 gins to ripen a spray of neutral acetate of copper should be substituted 

 for Bordeaux to avoid staining the fruit. 



