204 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



Lime and sulphur is injurious to the foliage of grapes and should 

 not be used. 



For leaf hoppers and other sucking insects, use tobacco extract, one 

 part to seventy parts of water, or soap, eight pounds to fifty gallons of 

 water and apply in the same manner as Bordeaux. 



The things necessary in order to do a good job of spraying are, power 

 and suitable pump, with the proper hose, extension rods and nozzles. For 

 large areas a gasoline engine to furnish the power is indispensable. For 

 orchards of less than 300 trees, pumps driven by hand are cheapest and 

 most practical in most instances, though, in case of a scarcity of labor, 

 the gas engine may prove most practical for smaller areas. On a large 

 scale, everything else being equal, it costs a little more than half as 

 much to spray with a gas engine outfit as by hand power. 



■ From whatever source the power is derived, a good force pump is 

 necessary. A satisfactory pump should have all parts which come in 

 contact with the spraying material made of brass, which will not cor- 

 rode; a large air chamber so that the liquid will be delivered in a steady 

 stream rather than in a succession of spurts; all parts easily accessible 

 for cleaning' and strong enough to give good service. 



There are many different nozzles in use. In selecting nozzles, choose 

 those which do not clog easily, and which are readily cleaned. The 

 "Frind" type of nozzle is among the best. The manner of delivering the 

 spray is controlled by the. size of the hole in the disks, and these may 

 be changed at any time. Another advantage is that they do not catch 

 easily on the branches of the trees. 



THE APPLE PACKAGE AND GRADE BILL. SIGNED BY THE PRES- 

 IDENT, AUGUST 3, 1912. 



The Sulzer Bill. 



Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 

 United States of America in Congress assembled, that the standard barrel 

 for apples shall be of the following dimensions when measured without 

 distention of its parts: Length of stare, *wenty-eight and one-half inches; 

 diameter of head, seventeen and one-eighth inches; distance between 

 heads, twenty-six inches; circumference of bulge, sixty-four inches out- 

 side measurement, representing as nearly as possible seven thousand and 

 fifty-six cubic inches, provided that steel barrels containing the interior 

 dimensions provided for in this Section shall be construed as a compliance 

 therewith. 



Sec. 2. That the standard grades for apples when packed in barrels 

 which shall be shipped or delivered for shipment in interstate or foreign 

 commerce, or which shall be sold or offered for sale within the District 

 of Columbia or the Territories of the United States shall be as follows: 

 Apples of one variety, which are well-grown specimens, hand picked, of 

 good color for Mie variety, normal shape, practically free from insect and 



