GRAPES. 99 



it is quite black. There are a good many things that you have 

 to take into consideration, 1 think in Mr. Shaver's place and 

 under those conditions his ideas are all right, but generally 

 any man that will slander the Concord will slander his own 

 mother. It is the best grape we have in the United States, 

 take it all over. We eat more pounds in the United States 

 than all others put together ; we can't afford to turn it down ; 

 because we have had so much wet weather that has caused it 

 to ripen uneven; all you have got to do is to spray the Con- 

 cord and it will ripen up even all right. The Moore's Early 

 is a better resister to diseases than the others. We noticed 

 this trouble first on the Worden, and then it followed up by 

 affecting the Concord, and we sprayed our vineyard. It is 

 very easily controlled in our vineyard by spraying. It affects 

 the stem of the bunch, and you can always see it on the leaves 

 as well as on the stem. The stem becomes more or less black 

 and the grape starts to get ripe, and some berries will be ripe 

 and some green on the same bunch and it sticks there and 

 stands for days and weeks. 



President Green: What do you spray with? 



Mr. JMarshall : I'ordeaux mixture. 



A Member: 4-4-50? 



Mr. Marshall: No, 3-3-50. AVe had that trouble right 

 along, but it did not bother us last year. 



A Member : What time do you spray? 



Mr. Marshall : I sat on the fence and watched the other 

 fellows do the spraying, it was done early in the season, 

 just after the fruit set, after the blossoms are gone. 



A Member: How often did you spray? 



Mr. Marshall : We only gave one thorough spraying. 



Mr. Shaver: I would like to say a feAV words about the 

 Concord grape. Generally speaking, everybody calls every- 

 thing a Concord that is black ; when I first commenced to haul 

 grapes to Lincoln everybody thought they were the brightest 

 Concords they ever saw; they won't eat anything but Con- 

 cords, consequently we can't say to them these are not Con- 



