252 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



and recommendations set forth in tliis paper have been 

 tlirected more particularly to the apple and to the pests men- 

 tioned. The following suggestions a« to the mixtures to use 

 and the time to make each application are as given by those 

 who have done considerable spraying in Nebraska. 



First (Spraying. — The flrst application is made when the 

 cluster buds open, but before the individual flower buds have 

 opened (usually late in April or early in May). This appli- 

 cation is directed mainly against apple scab and a i-i-SO 

 formula of Bordeaux should be used. iShould there be pres- 

 ent any leaf-eating caterpillars at this time poison may be 

 added to the Bordeaux. In applying, a high pressure should 

 be maintained so that the spray material is transformed into 

 a fine mist. The Vermorel type of nozzle does good work. 

 Care should be exercised to see that every part of the tree is 

 coated with the mixture. 



Second Spraying. — This application is made just after the 

 petals fall (usually from the 10th to 15th of May). If the 

 orchard is large it is well to begin this spraying as soon as 

 the ground begins to appear white from falling petals. This 

 is really the most important application against apple scab 

 and the very most important against codling-moth, the parent 

 of the "apple worm." A 3-3-50 formula of Bordeaux with 

 about 2 pounds of arsenate of lead is used. It is important 

 that this spraying be done immediately after the petals fall 

 and before the calyx closes so that the poison may be encased 

 in every calyx cup. A large percentage of the worms enter 

 the apple through the calyx end, and by applying the poison 

 before the calyx lobes close together the poison is held intact 

 until it is reached by the worm starting to enter the apple. A 

 higli pressure should be maintained and a somewhat coarser 

 nozzle used, giving the tree a thorough drenching. At this 

 time most of the calyx cui)s extend ui)ward, and for this rea- 

 son the mixture should be directed downward as much as 

 possible. 



Mix the arsenate of lead in a small amount of water until it 



