196 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



fellows there that couldn't do aiiything only draw their pay, 

 thev looked for the other fellows to do the work. We worked 

 the average up because the good pickers we A\'ould keep and 

 would let the others go. I don't believe we could have gotten 

 our apples picked in time with the amount of men we had if 

 we hadn't organized them that way. I was in some orchards 

 where they didn't know how many bushels a man had picked, 

 and they seemed to have about as much trouble in keeping 

 them from getting bruised as Ave did. Our men were some- 

 ^^'hat careless but as our apples were sold, on account of being 

 hail injured, as a kind of a commercial gxade they were not 

 graded up as close against bruising as they would have been 

 if they had been sold for real fancy apples. We had to watch 

 them rigiit along. I don't care how you have them picked, if 

 you never say a word about bruising the pickers will get 

 to bruising them. If you don't say anything about picking 

 the trees clean the pickers won't pick them clean. I don't 

 believe you have to pay any more attention to this in hiring 

 them this way than any other A^ay. 



A Member: ' liow do you get them to market? 



Mr. Marshall : We hauled them in a spring Avagon. It 

 cost about |G or |S to buy a pair of springs and we got some 

 16 foot planks and put them on the springs. 



Mr. Williams : Hoav long a season does it take to pick your 

 winter apples? 



Mr. Marshall : I don't kno^^ . ^^^' got done about tlie 1st 

 or 2nd of November, but 1 can't remember just when we be- 

 gan. We only had about 10,000 busliels of that late picking: 

 less than 10,000 busliels after the Jonathans were picked and 

 I don't think we were more than 10 days in picking. 



A Member: About how long was it -safe to leave the 

 orchards before picking? 



Mr. .Marshall : Ordinarily I would not be afraid to leave 

 it until the 1st of November, but this year the freezing was so 

 hard it froze the small Winesaps clear to the core and in- 

 jured the apples. We had a hard wind the day they thawed 



