DISCUSSION. 115 



deep would save more moisture, the flesh on his horses and 

 raise more corn than he could by dipping down to the bottom 

 of the furrow. So far as that applies to soil, it applies to all 

 crops. We teach the boys that they ought to spread the ma- 

 nure that they have on the farm. 



What we teach in horticulture? Prof. Emerson could tell you 

 better — variety of fruits, methods of budding and grafting, lo- 

 cation, something about gardens, varieties of crops, how to lay 

 out a garden so as to do the work with a horse instead of doing 

 it all by hand; cultivation of the garden so as to save the moisture 

 and get the best crop possible, and all subjects pertaining to all 

 these things. How much about floriculture I cannot tell you, 

 Prof. Emerson can tell you about that. 



In regard to livestock, we teach them about the diseases of 

 animals — how to prevent rather than to cure disease. ' Although 

 some about that, we teach them about the breeding of animals 

 so as to raise a good sort instead of a poor sort. For example, 

 last winter I sent a bunch of steers to the Omaha market which 

 brought sixty-five cents per hundred more than any other cattle 

 on the market that day. Now that was very largely because 

 the cattle were well bred, they were of the right kind. They 

 had made the best use of the corn and other feed. And we teach 

 them how to feed these animals so as to get economical results. 



For example: It is of very great importance to the farmer 

 to know whether the steers in his yard will pay at thirty cents 

 a bushel for the corn that they eat, or forty cents a bushel for 

 the corn they eat, and there are plenty of cattle right in the 

 same feed yard on the same farm, one animal of which is not 

 paying over thirty and the other animal paying forty cents and 

 upward. And a sufficient knowledge of how to select these 

 animals will enable a young man to pick the animals which will 

 pay the highest price for the corn which they consume. Now 

 you may say if he buys them on the market he has got to pay 

 that additional price. That is some times true, and it does not 

 always pay to purchase the highest priced feeders that are 

 found on the market, because the margin between the buying 

 and selUng price is not so great. But if this man is going to 

 grow the feeder on his farm, then there is no excuse for breed- 

 ing the inferior class of animals. We try to teach these boys 



