EVERGREENS. 219 



making a splendid growth. They were considered hard to 

 transplant. If left alone they develop one large tap root much 

 like the Oak or Black Walnut. In the nursery they should be 

 lifted every two years. Let two men with spades on either side 

 the row lift them so that every root is severed. Then drop them 

 back and stamp the ground solid. Follow this up with good 

 cultivation, and in two years you will have a tree with as fibrous 

 roots as a spruce. 



Alcock's Spruce is a beautiful tree. I have known it to stand 

 several years and do well. 



Frazer's Fir is a charming tree from North Carolina. I have 

 only a few left out of a hundred. You cannot depend upon it. 

 I have not tried the Wisconsin Balsam Fir. I think it is a short 

 lived tree anyway. The Foxtail Pine of the Rockies does well 

 and should be largely planted. The Douglas Spruce is worth- 

 less as a wind break. The foliage is too soft, and like the White 

 Pine, it cannot stand excessive heat. In some cases they have 

 done splendidly when surrounded by other evergreens. I have 

 never had but one specimen of Brown Cedar which will grow 

 perhaps with less moisture than any other, and that did 

 splendidly. 



Engleman Spruce will do well if you keep it out of the sun. 

 All know the Picea Pungens, one of the finest of aU for a single 

 lawn tree, but of not much account as a forest tree. Sub Alpina 

 has a white body, and foliage much like Balsam Fir. I have 

 had a few specimens. They need to be sheltered from the sun, 

 then they do well. American Arborvitae is worthless in the 

 west half of the state. It may do in some of the River counties. 

 For the west there is no tree that will do as well as the Pon- 

 derosa. It does far better in the western than in the eastern 

 portion of the state. The seed should be sowed in the fall. It 

 then comes up early and puts on the second set of leaves before 

 the intense heat which induces the damps when it is very young 

 and tender. The seeds are cheap. They can be raised by the 

 million. Take them when three years old from the seed bed, 

 and they transplant as well as any evergreen that grows. They 

 handle well and grow about two feet a year when once estab- 

 lished. I do not believe there is a section anywhere in the west 



