The Migration of Our Forest Trees. 197 



and tVie hard seeds are voided uninjured, and thus carried far away 

 from the parent trees. The Mulberry is found abundantly in the Mis- 

 souri forests, from which it has extended northwestward along the 

 eastern border of the state to Cedar county. 



Prairie Apple or Western Crab Apple (3Ialus iowensis (Wood) 

 Britt.). The fleshy fruit contains five two-sided carpels, and is eaten 

 by swine, cattle, sheep, horses, and probably by deer, rabbits, wood- 

 chucks and a few other quadrupeds. Such fruits as are carried short 

 distances and then dropped whole, or partially eaten, may supply seeds 

 from which new trees may spring. This species is abundant in the 

 Missouri forests, from which it has extend,ed its range into Nebraska 

 along the Missouri river and up the Niobrara river to Brown county. 

 It has been distributed up the Nemaha river valey to Gage county, and 

 the Platte river valley to Butler county. 



The Hawthorns (Crataegus spp.). The fleshy fruits are in fact 

 little apples with bony instead of papery carpels. The flesh is palata- 

 ble and the fruits are eaten by many quadrupeds (as swine, cattle, 

 sheep, horses, deer, rabbits, etc.) and by some birds which are at- 

 tracted by the bright colors in most of the species. 



Blackthorn (Crataegus tomentosa L.) occurs in the Missouri for- 

 ests, from which it has moved up the river into the southeastern coun- 

 ties, from Richardson to Lancaster and Douglas. 



Downy Haw (Crataegus mollis (T. & G.) Scheele) occurs in the 

 Missouri forests, and has extended its range apparently with the pre- 

 ceding species to Lancaster and Douglas counties. 



Red Haw (Crataegus Colorado Ashe) is probably a western species 

 which has moved down into the Sand Hill region, where it occurs along 

 the banks of the Dismal and Middle Loup rivers in Thomas county. 



Thorny Haw (Crataegus occidentalis Britt.) is a native of Colo- 

 rado, Wyoming and Montana, from which it has moved down the Nio- 

 brara river to Cherry, Brown, Rock, Holt, Keya Paha, Boyd and Knox 

 couties. It occurs also on the Middle Loup river in Thomas county. 



Juneberry (Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Med.). The little hard- 

 seeded apples have a soft edible flesh which is greedily eaten by birds. 

 Many of the seeds pass through the alimentary canal uninjured and are 

 thus distributed over considerable distances. This species occurs in the 

 Missouri forests, from which it has moved up the valley of the Mis- 

 souri river as far as Sarpy county. 



