state Dairy Associatiofi. 239 



The importance of prompt and efficient cooling of milk can- 

 not be exaggerated. As bacteria multiply rapidly when warm, 

 but cease activity when cold, the ideal way of handling milk is to 

 cool it to 50 degrees F. promptly after milking. Then bottle or 

 can at once, and cover promptly. Avoid unnecessary contact with 

 the air. Don't leave the cans uncovered under the mistaken im- 

 pression that this is necessary in order to allow the animal odors 

 to escape. Clean milk has no animal odors. Finally store the 

 milk where it will keep cool till delivered. 



In the delivery of milk avoid contact with the air and with 

 flies. The cleanest and best way of delivering milk is in glass 

 bottles. Dipping from the can is very objectionable. Drawing 

 from a faucet-carrier has less exposure to street dust than dipping 

 from a can, but is far from ideal and has the further disadvantage 

 of the impossibility of thoroughly mixing the milk; hence some 

 customers get less than their honest due in milk solids, and some 

 may get milk which is illegal from the chemical standpoint, sub- 

 jecting the dealer to the liability of a court summons. 



(b) A second source of contamination of milk is the utensils. 

 If not perfectly clean the dirt is full of bacteria which will con- 

 taminate the milk. When made of tin, utensils should have no 

 crevices or seams, hard to get at in washing and concealing mil- 

 lions of bacteria in the dirt and decaying curd. A superficially 

 clean pail or can may be disgusting when you examine the seams. 

 A liberal use of solder should render the inside of all pails, cans, 

 dippers and strainers perfectly smooth and cleanable. Battered 

 and rusty tinware is to be avoided. Utensils should be rinsed in 

 cold or lukewarm water, washed in warm water and soap or soda, 

 rinsed again, sterilized in ample steam or boiling water and in- 

 verted in pure air to drain, to air, and to keep out dust and flies. 

 The bottles should have the same treatment. The water should 

 be bacteriologically pure; many epidemics have started from im- 

 pure washing water. 



To get a proper city milk supply a campaign of education 

 must come first. Consumers must know what to demand. Pro- 

 ducers must know how to supply the demand. Prof. Dean of 

 Canada says : ''Ideals attained by means of education are possi- 

 bly more valuable than those attained by force, but the latter make 

 much better time. The 'please be clean' campaign has been large- 

 ly a failure, and it would seem as if something sterner is neces- 

 sary in order to obtain clean milk for use in the home." 



My experience and judgment differ from his. Too much 



