state Dairy Association. 257 



thick; hips, broad, flat, and of good length, with hooks and pin 

 bones well apart; udder, large, well attached, extending well for- 

 ward along the barrel; hind quarters, broad and reaching well 

 above the thigh ovals; mammary veins, large and tortuous, enter- 

 ing the cavity through large wells ; legs, of medium length, strong 

 and well placed under the body; size, large for the breed. 



The dairy cow is not a product of an accident, but is an in- 

 vention of man, as much so as is the dynamo, circular saw or steam 

 engine. Her success in life, like the mechanical inventions, de- 

 pends largely upon the wisdom and experience of her keeper. Her 

 keeper should have a natural liking for his animal. He should 

 know her in a physiological way, should be quick to learn her likes 

 and dislikes, her pecularities, know how to teach her to have con- 

 fidence in him. These are points that should be well considered, 

 especially among the heifers that have just come in milk. 



Next in consideration would be her feed. This is of import- 

 ance, but of no more than a great many other things that must 

 be done in order to have her do her best. In her feed we furnish 

 her with material for building tissue, for heat, energy and making 

 milk. In order to supply these demands, she should be fed a 

 balanced ration, that is, a ration that carries digestible protein, 

 carbohydrates and fat in proper ratio and in the most accessible 

 form to supply all requirements with the least possible energy. 



The concentrates should be well ground, and hay and silage 

 should be properly cured and put up to contain the greatest 

 amount of digestible matter. Hay for dairy cows should never be 

 left standing until over-ripe, nor left to cure too long in the sun. 

 Mouldy feed should be avoided. The feeder must be the judge 

 as to the amount fed. This is especially true with the cow that 

 has just freshened. Highly concentrated food should be withheld 

 for three or four days, and then given in small quantities, and 

 v/atched close at this time. Udder troubles are often the results 

 of bad feeding. Never leave it to the cow, as she will eat accord- 

 ing to her appetite, regardless of what she actually needs. 



Along with good feed, she needs abundance of pure water, 

 not too warm nor too cold, and furnished her in a clean tank or 

 bucket. 



Sunlight and pleasant surroundings are great factors in 

 stimulating milk secretion. Her stall should be provided with 

 abundant sunshine, her view should be unobstructed, as she is an 

 animal that wants to see everything she hears. The lot should bo 

 kept clean and free from mud and manure, her pasture should not 



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